Waveplates formed from accurate thicknesses of birefringent material may be used to change the polarisation state of light. For each of the following configurations of incident light (travelling horizontally), linear polarisers and waveplates, describe the polarisation state of the transmitted light: (i) Unpolarised light incident on a linear polariser with transmission axis vertical, followed by a half-wave plate with o and e axes at ±45 degrees to the vertical. (ii) As (i) above, but the half-wave plate is replaced by a quarter-wave plate at the same orientation (iii) As (i) above, but the linear polariser is rotated with axis at 30 degrees from the vertical, then the half-wave plate. (iv) As (i) above, but the half-wave plate is rotated with o axis vertical and e axis horizontal.

Waveplates formed from accurate thicknesses of birefringent material may be used to change the polarisation state of light. For each of the following configurations of incident light (travelling horizontally), linear polarisers and waveplates, describe the polarisation state of the transmitted light: (i) Unpolarised light incident on a linear polariser with transmission axis vertical, followed by a half-wave plate with o and e axes at ±45 degrees to the vertical. (ii) As (i) above, but the half-wave plate is replaced by a quarter-wave plate at the same orientation (iii) As (i) above, but the linear polariser is rotated with axis at 30 degrees from the vertical, then the half-wave plate. (iv) As (i) above, but the half-wave plate is rotated with o axis vertical and e axis horizontal.

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b) Waveplates formed from accurate thicknesses of birefringent material may be used to change the polarisation state of light. For each of the following configurations of incident light (travelling horizontally), linear polarisers and waveplates, describe the polarisation state of the transmitted light: (i) Unpolarised light incident on a linear polariser with transmission axis vertical, followed by a half-wave plate with o and e axes at ±45 degrees to the vertical. (ii) As (i) above, but the half-wave plate is replaced by a quarter-wave plate at the same orientation (iii) As (i) above, but the linear polariser is rotated with axis at 30 degrees from the vertical, then the half-wave plate. (iv) As (i) above, but the half-wave plate is rotated with o axis vertical and e axis horizontal.
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Unpolarized light passes through two ideal Polaroid sheets. The axis of the first is vertical and the axis of the second is at 28.0° to the vertical. What fraction of the incident light is transmitted?
Three polarizing plates are stacked. The first and third plate are orthogonal to one another and the plate in between has its axis oriented at 45° to the axes of the other two. (a) If the intensity of unpolarized light that arrives at the first plate is lo, what is the intensity transmitted by the stack? (b) What angle should you rotate this middle plate to ensure maximum transmission of light through the stack?
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Unpolarized light passes through two ideal polarizers in turn with polarization axes at 43.9° to each other. What is the fraction of the incident light intensity that is transmitted?
The ratio If/lo is maximized when polarizer X is rotated so its polarization axis is 45° different from that of polarizer A (that is, when OAx is 45°). What is this maximum intensity ratio?
A beam of unpolarized light shines on a stack of five ideal polarizers, set up so that the angles between the polarization axes of pairs of adjacent polarizers are all equal. The intensity of the transmitted beam is reduced from the intensity of the initial beam by a factor of a = = 0.215. Ө Find the angle between the axes of each pair of adjacent 0 = rizers.
Unpolarized light with intensity Io is incident on a series of polarizing sheets. The first sheet has itstransmission axis oriented at 90°. A second polarizer has its transmission axis oriented at 60° .Determine the fraction of light intensity exiting the second sheet?