Linearly polarized light of intensity Io is incident on a polarizing filter whose transmission axis makes an angle of forty-five degrees with the vertical. The plane of polarization of the incident light is along the vertical. A second polarizing filter is placed after the first filter and and observer X is located after both filters. (a) What should be the orientation of the second polarizing filter such that only half of the incident light reaches the observer? (b) Draw the polarization state of the light that reaches X.

Linearly polarized light of intensity Io is incident on a polarizing filter whose transmission axis makes an angle of forty-five degrees with the vertical. The plane of polarization of the incident light is along the vertical. A second polarizing filter is placed after the first filter and and observer X is located after both filters. (a) What should be the orientation of the second polarizing filter such that only half of the incident light reaches the observer? (b) Draw the polarization state of the light that reaches X.