Water loss (sweating) Skin Sweat pores Sweat glands produce perspiration by capillary filtration Sweat gland Blood absorbs tissue fluid to replace loss Blood volume and pressure drop; osmolarity rises Secretory cells of sweat gland HO Intracellular fluid diffuses out of cells to replace H,O H,O lost tissue fluid 4

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Transcription and Diagram Explanation for Educational Website**

**Water Loss and Sweat Production Process**

1. **Water loss (sweating):**
   - This step illustrates the evaporation of water (H2O) from the skin surface through sweat pores. The diagram shows arrows representing the movement of water from inside the skin to the outside environment.

2. **Sweat glands produce perspiration by capillary filtration:**
   - The diagram includes an enlarged section showing sweat glands beneath the skin. It illustrates how these glands filter blood plasma through capillaries to produce sweat.

3. **Blood absorbs tissue fluid to replace loss:**
   - As water is lost, blood absorbs surrounding tissue fluid to compensate for the decrease.

4. **Blood volume and pressure drop; osmolarity rises:**
   - Reduced blood volume and pressure occur as a result of water loss, leading to an increase in blood osmolarity.

5. **Intracellular fluid diffuses out of cells to replace lost tissue fluid:**
   - The diagram shows water molecules moving out of the cells to replenish the lost tissue fluid.

**Detailed Diagram Description:**

- The main diagram depicts a cross-section of the skin highlighting the skin's layers, sweat glands, and sweat pores.
- **Sweat Glands:** The glands are positioned below the skin, with channels leading to the sweat pores on the surface. 
- **Process of Filtration:** A close-up view of the secretory cells of the sweat gland is shown, with water molecules (H2O) moving through these cells.
- **Arrows Representing Movement:** Blue arrows indicate the flow of water out of the skin and cells, illustrating various stages of sweat production and fluid replacement.

This detailed illustration provides a comprehensive overview of how the human body produces sweat and manages fluid balance.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription and Diagram Explanation for Educational Website** **Water Loss and Sweat Production Process** 1. **Water loss (sweating):** - This step illustrates the evaporation of water (H2O) from the skin surface through sweat pores. The diagram shows arrows representing the movement of water from inside the skin to the outside environment. 2. **Sweat glands produce perspiration by capillary filtration:** - The diagram includes an enlarged section showing sweat glands beneath the skin. It illustrates how these glands filter blood plasma through capillaries to produce sweat. 3. **Blood absorbs tissue fluid to replace loss:** - As water is lost, blood absorbs surrounding tissue fluid to compensate for the decrease. 4. **Blood volume and pressure drop; osmolarity rises:** - Reduced blood volume and pressure occur as a result of water loss, leading to an increase in blood osmolarity. 5. **Intracellular fluid diffuses out of cells to replace lost tissue fluid:** - The diagram shows water molecules moving out of the cells to replenish the lost tissue fluid. **Detailed Diagram Description:** - The main diagram depicts a cross-section of the skin highlighting the skin's layers, sweat glands, and sweat pores. - **Sweat Glands:** The glands are positioned below the skin, with channels leading to the sweat pores on the surface. - **Process of Filtration:** A close-up view of the secretory cells of the sweat gland is shown, with water molecules (H2O) moving through these cells. - **Arrows Representing Movement:** Blue arrows indicate the flow of water out of the skin and cells, illustrating various stages of sweat production and fluid replacement. This detailed illustration provides a comprehensive overview of how the human body produces sweat and manages fluid balance.
Expert Solution
Step 1

Dehydration:

a. Excessive loss of body water is called dehydration.

b. Causes of dehydration can be due to diarrhea, vomiting, excessive urination and sweating, inadequate water intake. 

c. Signs of dehydration are dry skin, mouth, low urine output, and increased thirst.

d. Dehydration can be treated by replenishing with oral fluids, replacement with intravenous fluid only in severe cases. 

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