Water flows through the soil specimen shown in the figure below, simulating a constant head permeability test. The diameter and length of the specimen are 100 mm and 600 mm respectively. Flow measurements show that 400 ml of water flows through the soil specimen in 15 minutes. The unit weight of the soil is 18.5 kN/m3. (a) Find the permeability of the soil. (b) What would be the height (h) of the water column in the manometer? (c) Find the total and effective stresses and the pore water pressure at X .

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Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.