Water analysis was carried out for a groundwater sample. The sum of the anions is equal to the sum of the cations. Calculate a) Total hardness b) Carbonate and Non-Carbonate Hardness Hardness c) Alkalinity

Water analysis was carried out for a groundwater sample. The sum of the anions is equal to the sum of the cations. Calculate a) Total hardness b) Carbonate and Non-Carbonate Hardness Hardness c) Alkalinity

Materials Science And Engineering Properties

1st Edition

ISBN:9781111988609

Author:Charles Gilmore

Publisher:Charles Gilmore

Chapter14: Material Selection

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5ETSQ

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Question

Water analysis was carried out for a groundwater sample. The sum of the anions is equal to the sum of the cations. Calculate
a) Total hardness
b) Carbonate and Non-Carbonate Hardness Hardness
c) Alkalinity

lon
mg/L as ion
Ca2+
Mg2+
26
Nat
15
HCO3
160
SO41
135
73
Hint: Sum of Cations = Sum of Anions (in conc. as mg/L of Caco3)

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