Use the following excerpts from Zowleski Company's financial information to prepare a statement of cash flows (indirect method) for the year 2018. Dec. 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017 Cash Account Receivable Merchandise Inventory Plant Assets $ 92,300 22,000 140,000 180,000 (25,000) 409,300 $ 85,000 22,900 131,000 150,000 (21,000) 367,900 Accumulated Depreciation Total Assets Accounts Payable Notes Payable Common Stock Retained Earnings Total Liabilities and Equity 18,500 135,500 20,000 235,300 409,300 21,000 120,000 20,000 206,900 367,900 Additional information: Net income for 2018 Depreciation expense for 2018 (accumulated depreciation increase) Plant assets purchased (plant assets increase), financed by note Notes payable increased by amount of plant asset purchase Notes payable decreased by amount of principal note payments 28,400 4,000 30,000 30,000 14,500
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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