### Using the Chi-Square Test to Determine Independence**Objective:** Evaluate if the listed occupations and personality preferences are independent at the 0.05 level of significance.#### Step 1: Understanding the Level of Significance- **What is the level of significance?** - The level of significance is 0.05.#### Step 2: Hypothesis Formulation- **State the null and alternative hypotheses:** - $ H_0 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent. - $ H_1 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent. - $ H_2 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent. - $ H_3 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent. - $ H_4 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent. - $ H_5 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent. - $ H_6 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent. - $ H_7 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent. - $ H_8 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent. #### Step 3: Calculate the Chi-Square Statistic- **Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample:** - Round the expected frequencies and the chi-square statistic to at least three decimal places.#### Step 4: Assessing Frequencies- **Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?** - Possible answers: Yes / No#### Step 5: Sampling Distribution- **What sampling distribution will you use?**---#### Explanation of Provided Data Table**Table of Occupation vs. Personality Type:**| Occupation | Personality Type | Row Total ||------------|------------------|-----------|| Clergy (all denominations) | 66 | 41 | 107 || M.D. | 69 | 93 | 162 || Lawyer | 61 | 76 | 137 || **Column Total** | 196 | 210 | 406 |The table displays the distribution of different personality types across three professions: Clergy, M.D., and Lawyer. The totals for each row and column are calculated to help in determining the expected frequencies for the chi-square test.#### Graphs and DiagramsThere are no graphs or diagrams in the provided image, Here is a transcription of the text from the image suitable for an educational website:---**Statistical Analysis Exercise****Question 1: Expected Frequencies**Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?- Yes- No**Question 2: Sampling Distribution Selection**What sampling distribution will you use?- chi-square- binomial- uniform- normal- Student’s t**Question 3: Degrees of Freedom**What are the degrees of freedom?**Question 4: P-value Calculation**(c) Find or estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.- P-value > 0.100- 0.050 < P-value < 0.100- 0.025 < P-value < 0.050- 0.010 < P-value < 0.025- 0.005 < P-value < 0.010- P-value < 0.005**Question 5: Hypothesis Testing**(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis of independence?- Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.- Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.- Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.- Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.**Question 6: Interpretation and Analysis**(e) Interpret your results in the context of the application.--- Explanation of the Context:This set of questions is designed to guide students through the process of performing a hypothesis test, specifically testing for independence using chi-square or other relevant distributions. The questions guide the user through important steps such as checking the expected frequencies, selecting the appropriate distribution, determining degrees of freedom, estimating the P-value, and making conclusions based on the results.

Name: ### Using the Chi-Square Test to Determine Independence**Objective:**
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T07:06:27.000Z
Channel: Bartleby
Description: ### Using the Chi-Square Test to Determine Independence**Objective:** Evaluate if the listed occupations and personality preferences are independent at the 0.05 level of significance.#### Step 1: Understanding the Level of Significance- **What is t

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/d9ce1ea8-4fb2-4f41-afd8-f44fb2644648.jpg

Math

Statistics

Use the chi-square test to determine if the listed occupations and personality preferences are independent at the 0.05 level of significance. (a) What is the level of significance? State the null and alternate hypotheses. Hại Hyers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent H Myers-Brigge preference and profession are independent. OHo Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent Ha: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent. Hai Myers-Brigge preference and profession are independent Hi: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent. O Hoi Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent Hy: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent. (b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round the expected frequencies to at least three decimal places. Round the test statistic to three dedimal places Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5 Yes ONo

Use the chi-square test to determine if the listed occupations and personality preferences are independent at the 0.05 level of significance. (a) What is the level of significance? State the null and alternate hypotheses. Hại Hyers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent H Myers-Brigge preference and profession are independent. OHo Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent Ha: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent. Hai Myers-Brigge preference and profession are independent Hi: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent. O Hoi Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent Hy: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent. (b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round the expected frequencies to at least three decimal places. Round the test statistic to three dedimal places Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5 Yes ONo

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: % of According to a book published in 2011, 45% of the undergraduate students in the United States…

A: Stating the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses: The hypotheses are given below: Null…

Q: Assume that matched pairs of data from a poll of Internet users who were asked if they make travel…

A: +ve sign = 308-ve sign = 421ties = 30Total = 308+421+30 = 759significance level 0.05

Q: There is no relationship between household income level and home-ownership-v.-renting. Household…

A: Hypothesis testing Hypothesis testing is conducted for the parameters of the population like…

Q: The table below includes results from polygraph (lie detector) experiments conducted by…

A: Solution: The observed count table is Did not lie Lie Row Total No 11 20 31 Yes 41 14…

Q: Passed Failed White Results from a civil servant exam are shown in the table to the right. Is there…

A: We have given that Passed Failed Total White candidates 14 15 29 Minority candidates 8…

Q: Passed Failed White Results from a civil servant exam are shown in the table to the right. Is there…

A: From the provided information, The table can be constructed as: Passed Failed Total…

Q: The table to the right contains observed values and expected values in parentheses for two…

A: As the two variables of interest X and Y are categorical in nature, with provided expected values…

Q: The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) provides independent assessments of masculinity and femininity in…

A: We have for African women for the attribute Affectionate:

Q: A used car dealer claims that the median cost of a used car is $12,000. In a random sample of 15…

A: Given median cost of a used car = $12000Total number of used cars in sample = n = 15Total number of…

Q: Assume that matched pairs of data from a poll of Internet users who were asked if they make travel…

A: Assume that matched pairs of data from a poll of Internet users who were asked if they make travel…

Q: Assume that matched pairs of data from a poll of Internet users who were asked if they make travel…

Q: In a studyy of smokers who tried to quit smoking with nicotine patch therapy, 39 were smoking one…

A: Hey there! Thank you for posting the question. Since your question has more than 3 parts, we are…

Q: Davey, Startup, Zara, MacDonald, and Field (2003) were interested in the role of mood on the degree…

A: Given Information:

Q: The null hypothesis for the One-way Anova F-test would be Group of answer choices Ho : The average…

A: Hi, thanks for your question. As per our policy, we'll answer the first three. For the remaining…

Q: Potential buyers for a new car were randomly divided into two groups. One group was shown the "A"…

A: Here, the potential buyers for a new car were divided into two groups. The researcher wants to…

Q: Determine the test statistic. χ2= Determine the P-value of the test statistic. P-value= Do the…

Q: The average IQ for Americans is 100. Does the IQ score from the dataset significantly differ from…

A: a) Let μ denote the population mean IQ for Americans. The claim of the test is the IQ score from the…

Q: A case-control (or retrospective) study was conducted to investigate a relationship between the…

A: Correct option: Option A

Q: The table below includes results from polygraph (lie detector) experiments conducted by…

A: It is needed to check, whether subject lies is independent of the polygraph test indication.

Q: If a researcher is wrong in his decision and he rejects the null when the null is true, what type of…

A: Given, If a researcher is wrong in his decision and he rejects the null when the null hypothesis is…

Q: What are the degrees of freedom?

Q: vas conducted to investigate a relationship at injuries are independent of helmet color. Color of…

A: control cases total black 468 197 665 white 362 117 479 yellow 27 8 35 red 166 69 235…

Q: ative signs, and 29 ties when the value of the second variable is subtracted from the corresponding…

A: Given: There are 317 positive results from the matched pairs of data from a survey of internet users…

Q: Test the claim that the proportion of men who own cats is smaller than the proportion of women who…

Q: Assume that matched pairs of data from a poll of Internet users who were asked if they make travel…

A: The objective is to test the null hypothesis of no difference by using sign test at 0.05 level of…

Q: Do the needs of patients in the emergency room differ for those who come by car vs. those by…

A: There are two categorical variables which are vehicle and Emergency room. Vehicle has 2 types and…

Q: The table below includes results from polygraph (lie detector) experiments conducted by researchers.…

A: We want to find the Chi square value by using contingency table.

Q: a. Why the ANOVA F-test for model utility is called the "global" test? b. Why would it make sense…

A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 28% of students at a university bought lunch from the cafeteria on class days. On a recent class…

A: Givenp=28%=0.28sample size(n)=486No. of students had bought lunch(x)=149p^=xn=149486p^=0.3066

Q: The table below includes results from polygraph (lie detector) experiments conducted by…

A: A chi-square test can be used to test the dependence of two categorical test called chi-square test…

Q: A business student claims that the choice of flight class is independent of a persons education…

A: Answer Given [O] Y1 Y2 Y3 Total X1 68…

Q: 1. A study was performed investigating the relationship between Gender and Left- or Right-…

A: Claim : The handedness is independent of Gender. Hypothesis : H0 : The handedness is independent of…

Q: Test the claim that the proportion of men who own cats is significantly different than the…

A: Given,nM=80 , pM^=0.35nF=80 , pF^=0.50α=0.01

Q: I am to do a project for an inferential statistics class and I would like some basic guidance. I…

A: An inferential analysis is a statistical process that tends to suggest qualities of a larger number…

Q: A tourist company did a survey to determine if more New Yorkers or more Californians recognize a…

A: Given that, Sample size of New Yorkers n1=583 Sample size of Californians n2=641 Sample proportion…

Q: In soccer, serious fouls result in a penalty kick with one kicker and one defending goalkeeper. The…

A: option D is correct

Q: Sex Role Inventor ESKI) possession of socially desirable, stereotypically masculine and feminine…

Concept explainers

Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.

Topic Video

Question

### Using the Chi-Square Test to Determine Independence

**Objective:**
Evaluate if the listed occupations and personality preferences are independent at the 0.05 level of significance.

#### Step 1: Understanding the Level of Significance
- **What is the level of significance?**
- The level of significance is 0.05.

#### Step 2: Hypothesis Formulation
- **State the null and alternative hypotheses:**
- $ H_0 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent.
- $ H_1 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent.
- $ H_2 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent.
- $ H_3 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent.
- $ H_4 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent.
- $ H_5 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent.
- $ H_6 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent.
- $ H_7 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are independent.
- $ H_8 $: Myers-Briggs preference and profession are not independent.

#### Step 3: Calculate the Chi-Square Statistic
- **Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample:**
- Round the expected frequencies and the chi-square statistic to at least three decimal places.

#### Step 4: Assessing Frequencies
- **Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?**
- Possible answers: Yes / No

#### Step 5: Sampling Distribution
- **What sampling distribution will you use?**

---

#### Explanation of Provided Data Table

**Table of Occupation vs. Personality Type:**

| Occupation | Personality Type | Row Total |
|------------|------------------|-----------|
| Clergy (all denominations) | 66 | 41 | 107 |
| M.D. | 69 | 93 | 162 |
| Lawyer | 61 | 76 | 137 |
| **Column Total** | 196 | 210 | 406 |

The table displays the distribution of different personality types across three professions: Clergy, M.D., and Lawyer. The totals for each row and column are calculated to help in determining the expected frequencies for the chi-square test.

#### Graphs and Diagrams
There are no graphs or diagrams in the provided image,

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7

Step 8

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 8 steps with 8 images

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

$Data Collection, Sampling Methods, and Bias$

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

You receive a brochure from a large university. The brochure indicates that the mean class size for full-time faculty is fewer than 31 students. You want to test this claim, You randomly select 18 classes taught by full-time faculty and determine the class size of each. The results are shown in the table below, At a = 0.01. can vou support the university's claim? Complete parts (a) through (d) below. Assume the population is normally distributed. 32 26 27 30 31 37 23 28 320 29 27 37 32 31 25 31 29 22 (a) Write the claim mathematically and identify Ho and Ha. Which of the following correctly states Ho and Ha? O C. Ho: H=31 O A. Ho: H> 31 Hai H531 O B. Ho: H231 Ha:H31 (b) Use technology to find the P-value. P= (Round to three decimal places as needed.) (c) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. Which of the following is correct? O A. Fail to reject Ho because the P-value is less than the significance level. O B. Reject H because the P-value is less than the…
Suppose we are interested in the relationship between individuals’ place of residence (rural versus urban) and their political affiliation (Republican versus Democrat). A random sample of 100 individuals yields the following crosstabulation: Political Affiliation Place of Residence Republican Democrat Rural 21 29 Urban 14 36 a) In words, what is the null hypothesis to be tested? b) Is the relationship between place of residence and political affiliation statistically significant at the .05 level? (Be sure to show the statistics that lead to your decision.) c) Compute and interpret an appropriate measure of association for the relationship between these two variables.
12.
Is there a relationship between the number of votes received by candidates for public office and the amount spent on their campaigns? Candidate Amount spent (000) Votes received (000)Weber $3 14Taite $4 7Spencer $2 5Lopez $5 12Using a 0.01 significance level, do the formal hypothesis test (using critical values).Remember to show your steps (including all relevant information) show the steps on how to solve it
There is some research to indicate that different dog breeds differ in emotionality. To consider these differences, a researcher administers a standard test of emotionality to 3 breeds of dogs (German Shepherd, Cocker Spaniel, and Chihuahua), with 4 dogs from each breed being tested. Higher scores mean higher emotionality. The results for the emotionality test scores appear below. Using the 7 steps of hypothesis testing, test the idea that there are differences in emotionality based on dog breed using α = .05 Emotionality Scores for Dogs German Shepherd Cocker Spaniel Chihuahua 6 0 10 1 4 12 7 0 9 2 0 8 T = 16 T = 4 T = 39 Gt = 59 N = 12 ∑x2 = 495 4. Decision Rule (Be sure to include your critical value) 5. Do your calculations 6. Make your decision 7. State your results in a sentence. Report your results in APA style including a measure of effect size. Be sure to include descriptive statistics (M). 8. Given your decision in #7, would…
Passed Failed White Results from a civil servant exam are shown in the table to the right. Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that the results from the test are discriminatory? Use a 0.05 significance level. 20 17 candidates Minority candidates 8 22 O A. Ho: Awhite candidate is not more likely to pass the test than a minority candidate. H,: A white candidate is more likely to pass the test than a minority candidate. B. Ho: White and minority candidates do not have the same chance of passing the test. H,: White and minority candidates have the same chance of passing the test. O C. Ho: Awhite candidate is more likely to pass the test than a minority candidate. H,:A white candidate is not more likely to pass the test than a minority candidate. O D. Ho: White and minority candidates have the same chance of passing the test. H4: White and minority candidates do not have the same chance of passing the test. Determine the test statistic. x? = (Round to three decimal places as…
Assume that matched pairs of data from a poll of Internet users who were asked if they make travel plans through the Internet result in 373 positive signs, 333 negative signs, and 22 ties when the value of the second variable is subtracted from the corresponding value of the first variable. Use the sign test with a 0.10 significance level to test the null hypothesis of no difference. Let ₁ denote the median of the first variable and 12 denote the median of the second variable. Wha are the null and alternative hypotheses? A. Ho: 1₁ #1₂ H₁:1₁ =11₂ C. Ho: 1₁ =1₂ H₁:1₁ <1₂ Find the test statistic. Test statistic = needed.) OB. Ho: 1₁ 2112 H₁:1₁ <1₂ D. Ho: 1₁ =112 H₁:1₁ #1₂ (Round to two decimal places as
Do the needs of patients in the emergency room differ for those who come by car vs. those by ambulance? Of the randomly selected emergency room patients who came by car 51 had an injury, 40 were sick, 31 had heart problems and 61 had other needs. Of the randomly selected emergency room patients who came by ambulance 45 had an injury, 30 were sick, 55 had heart problems and 38 had other needs. Conduct the appropriate hypothesis test using an a = 0.10 level of significance. a. What is the correct statistical test to use? O Paired t-test O Homogeneity Goodness-of-Fit O Independence b. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? Ho: O Means of transportation to the emergency room and emergency room needs are independent. Means of transportation to the emergency room and emergency room needs are dependent. The distribution of emergency room needs for patients who come by car is the same as it is for patients who come by ambulance. The distribution of emergency room needs for patients who…
The table below includes results from polygraph (lie detector) experiments conducted by researchers. In each case, it was known if the subjected lied or did not lie, so the table indicates when the polygraph test was correct. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that whether a subject lies is independent of the polygraph test indication. Do the results suggest that polygraphs are effective in distinguishing between truth and lies? No(did not lie) Yes(lied) Polygraph test indicated that the subject lied. 14 47 Polygraph test indicated that the subject did not lie. 9 12 Determine the test statistic. (round to three decimal places) Determine the P-value of the test statistic. (round to four decimal places) Do the results suggest that polygraphs are effective in distinguishing between truth and lies?
A study was conducted to determine the proportion of people who dream in black and white instead of color. Among 285 people over the age of 55, 76 dream in black and white, and among 287 people under the age of 25, 10 dream in black and white. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the proportion of people over 55 who dream in black and white is greater than the proportion for those under 25. Test the claim using a hypothesis test. Consider the first sample to be the sample of people over the age of 55 and the second sample to be the sample of people under the age of 25. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test? O A. Ho: P1 = P2 H: P1> P2 O B. Ho: P1 = P2 OC. Ho: P1 = P2 H: P Persuasive Spe.docx a Persuasive Spee.doc a PersuasiveSpch.doc tv MacBook Air F10 F9 心. 20 F3 FS esc F1 F2 & $ % 8 9 @ 4 5 6 2 Y W E R K #3
Researchers collected data on the numbers of hospital admissions resulting from motor vehicle crashes, and results are given below for Fridays on the 6th of a month and Fridays on the following 13th of the same month. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that when the 13th day of a month falls on a Friday, the numbers of hospital admissions from motor vehicle crashes are not affected.