Use both the ideal gas law and van der Waals’ equa- tion to calculate the temperature of water vapor (steam) given the data below Steam Data Pressure, P 220 bar Moles, n 2 mol Volume, V 1 L a 5.536 L2bar/mol2 b 0.03049 L/mol Ideal gas constant, R 0.08314472 L bar/K mol
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
The
perature (T), volume (V ), and the number of moles of gas (n).
PV = nRT
The additional symbol, R represents the ideal gas constant. The ideal gas law
is a good approximation of the behavior of gases when the pressure is low and
the temperature is high. (What constitutes low pressure and high temperature
varies with different gases). In 1873, James Diderik van der Waals proposed a
modified version of the ideal gas law that better models the behavior of real
gases over a wider range of temperature and pressure.
(
P + n2a
V 2
)
(V −nb) = nRT
In this equation, the additional variables a and b represent values characteris-
tic of individual gases. Use both the ideal gas law and van der Waals’ equa-
tion to calculate the temperature of water vapor (steam) given the data below
Steam Data
Pressure, P 220 bar
Moles, n 2 mol
Volume, V 1 L
a 5.536 L2bar/mol2
b 0.03049 L/mol
Ideal gas constant, R 0.08314472 L bar/K mol
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