Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04) 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
1 Essential Ideas 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Composition Of Substances And Solutions 4 Stoichiometry Of Chemical Reactions 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of Elements 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Geometry 8 Advanced Theories Of Covalent Bonding 9 Gases 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Solutions And Colloids 12 Kinetics 13 Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts 14 Acid-base Equilibria 15 Equilibria Of Other Reaction Classes 16 Thermodynamics 17 Electrochemistry 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, And Nonmetals 19 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter12: Kinetics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1E: What is the difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate? Problem 2E: Ozone decomposes to oxygen according to the equation 2O3(g)3O2(g). Write the equation that relates... Problem 3E: In the nuclear industry, chlorine trifluoride is used to prepare uranium hexafluoride, a volatile... Problem 4E: A study of the rate of dimerization of C4H6 gave the data shown in the table: 2C4H6C8H12 (a)... Problem 5E: A study of the rate of the reaction represented as 2AB gave the following data: Time (s) 0.0 5.0... Problem 6E: Consider the following reaction in aqueous solution: 5Br(aq)+BrO3(aq)+6H+(aq)3Br2(aq)+3H2O(l) If the... Problem 7E: Describe the effect of each of the following on the rate of the reaction of magnesium metal with a... Problem 8E: Explain why an egg cooks move slowly in boiling water in Denver than in New York City. (Hint:... Problem 9E: Go to the PhET Reactions and change to Angled shot to see the difference. (a) What happens when the... Problem 10E: In the PhET Reactions tab to observe how multiple atoms and molecules interact under varying... Problem 11E: In the PhET Reactions under Options. (a) Leave the Initial Temperature at the default setting.... Problem 12E: How do the rate of a reaction and its rate constant differ? Problem 13E: Doubling the concentration of a reactant increases the rate of a reaction four times. With this... Problem 14E: Tripling the concentration of a reactant increases the rate of a reaction nine times. With this... Problem 15E: How much and in what direction will each of the following affect the rate of the reaction:... Problem 16E: How will each of the following affect the rate of the reaction: CO(g)+NO2CO2(g)+NO(g) } if the rate... Problem 17E: Regular ?ights of supersonic aircraft in the stratosphere ale of concern because such aircraft... Problem 18E: Radioactive phosphorus is used in the study of biochemical reaction mechanisms because phosphorus... Problem 19E: The rate constant for the radioactive decay of 14C is 1.21104 year-1. The products of the decay are... Problem 20E: The decomposition of acetaldehyde is a second order reaction with a rate constant of 4.71108... Problem 21E: Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream by a series of metabolic reactions. The first reaction... Problem 22E: Under certain conditions the decomposition of ammonia on a metal surface gives the following data:... Problem 23E: Nitrosyl chloride, NOCI, decomposes to NO and CI2. 2NOCI(g)2NO(g)+CI2(g) Determine the rate... Problem 24E: From the following data, determine the rate equation, the rate constant, and the order with respect... Problem 25E: Nitrogen monoxide reacts with chlorine according to the equation: 2NOCI(g)2NOCI(g) The following... Problem 26E: Hydrogen reacts with nitrogen monoxide to form dinitrogen monoxide (laughing gas) according to the... Problem 27E: For the reaction AB+C, the following data were obtained at 30 C: [A] (M) 0.230 0.356 0.557 Rate... Problem 28E: For the reaction QW+X, the following data were obtained at 30 C: [Q]initial (M) 0.170 0.212 0.357... Problem 29E: The rate constant for the ?rst-order decomposition at 45 C of dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, dissolved... Problem 30E: The annual production of HNO3 in 2013 was 60 million metric tons Most of that was prepared by the... Problem 31E: The following data have been determined for the reaction: I+OCIIO+CI 1 2 3 [I] 0.10 0.20 0.30 [OCI]... Problem 32E: Describe how graphical methods can be used to determine the order of a reaction and its rate... Problem 33E: Use the data provided to graphically determine the order and rate constant of the following... Problem 34E: Use the data provided in a graphical method to determine the order and rate constant of the... Problem 35E: Pure ozone decomposes slowly to oxygen, 2O33O2(g). Use the data provided in a graphical method and... Problem 36E: From the given data, use a graphical method to determine the order and rate constant of the... Problem 37E: What is the half-life for the first-order decay of phosphorus-32? (P1532S1632+e) The rate constant... Problem 38E: What is the half-life for the first-order decay of carbon-14? (C614N714+e) The rate constant for the... Problem 39E: What is the half-life for the decomposition of NBCI when the concentration of NOCI is 0.15 M? The... Problem 40E: What is the half-life for the decomposition of O3 when the concentration of O3 is 2.35106M? The rate... Problem 41E: The reaction of compound A to give compounds C and D was found to be second-order in A . The rate... Problem 42E: The half-life of a reaction of compound A to give compounds D and E is 8.50 min when the initial... Problem 43E: Some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic penicillin because they produce penicillinase, an... Problem 44E: Both technetium-99 and thallium-201 are used to image heart muscle in patients with suspected heart... Problem 45E: There are two molecules with the formula C3H6 Propane, CH3CH = CH2, is the monomer of the polymer... Problem 46E: Fluorine-18 is a radioactive isotope that decays by positron emission to form oxygen-18 with a... Problem 47E: Suppose that the half-life of steroids taken by an athlete is 42 days. Assuming that the steroids... Problem 48E: Recently, the skeleton of King Richard III was found under a parking lot in England. If tissue... Problem 49E: Nitroglycerine is an extremely sensitive explosive. In a series of carefully controlled experiments,... Problem 50E: For the past 10 years, the unsaturated hydrocarbon 1, 3-butadiene (CH2 = CH - CH = CH2) has ranked... Problem 51E: Chemical reactions occur when reactants collide. What are two factors that may prevent a collision... Problem 52E: When every collision between reactants leads to a reaction, what determines the rate at which the... Problem 53E: What is the activation energy of a reaction, and how is this energy related to the activated complex... Problem 54E: Account for the relationship between the rate of a reaction and its activation energy. Problem 55E: Describe how graphical methods can be used to determine the activation energy of a reaction from a... Problem 56E: How does an increase in temperature affect rate of reaction? Explain this effect in terms of the... Problem 57E: The rate of a certain reaction doubles for every 10 C rise in temperature. (a) How much faster does... Problem 58E: In an experiment, a sample of NaClO3 was 90% decomposed in 48 min. Approximately how long would this... Problem 59E: The rate constant at 325 C for the decomposition reaction C4H82C2H4 is 6.1108s1, and the activation... Problem 60E: The rate constant for the decomposition of acetaldehyde, CH3CHO, t0 methane, CH4, and carbon... Problem 61E: An elevated level of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in human serum is an indication of... Problem 62E: In terms of collision theory, to which of the following is the rate of a chemical reaction... Problem 63E: Hydrogen iodide, HI, decomposes in the gas phase to produce hydrogen, H2, and iodine, I2. The value... Problem 64E: The element Co exists in two oxidation states, Co(II) and Co(III), and the ions form many complexes.... Problem 65E: The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6... Problem 66E: Use the PhET Reactions Single collision" tab of the simulation applet, enable the Energy view by... Problem 67E: Use the PhET Reactions Single collision tab of the simulation applet, enable the Energy view" by... Problem 68E: Why awe elementary reactions involving three or more reactants very uncommon? Problem 69E: In general, can we predict the effect of doubling the concentration of A on the rate of the overall... Problem 70E: Define these terms: (a) unimolecular reaction (b) bimolecular reaction (c) elementary reaction (d)... Problem 71E: What is the rate equation for the elementary termolecular reaction A+2B products? For 3A products? Problem 72E: Given the following reactions and the corresponding rate laws, in which of the reactions might the... Problem 73E: Write the rate equation for each of the following elementary reactions: (a) O3sunlightO2+O (b)... Problem 74E: Nitrogen (Il) oxide, NO, reacts with hydrogen, H2, according to the following equation:... Problem 75E: Experiments were conducted to study the rate of the reaction represented by this equation.[2]... Problem 76E: The reaction of CO with CI2 gives phosgene (COCI2), a nerve gas that was used in World War I. Use... Problem 77E: . Account for the increase in reaction rate brought about by a catalyst. Problem 78E: Compare the functions of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Problem 79E: Consider this scenario and answer the following questions: Chlorine atoms resulting from... Problem 80E: For each of the following pairs of reaction diagrams, identify which of the pair is catalyzed: Problem 81E: For each of the following pairs of reaction diagrams, identify which of the pairs is catalyzed: Problem 82E: For each of the following reaction diagrams, estimate the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction: Problem 83E: For each of the following reaction diagrams, estimate the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction: Problem 84E: Based on the diagrams in Exercise 12.83, which of the reactions has the fastest rate? Which has the... Problem 85E: Based on the diagram in Exercise 12.83, which of the reactions has the fastest rate? Which has the... Problem 65E: The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6...
Related questions
(c) Urea (NH2CONH2), which is the end product in protein metabolism in animals, undergoes decomposition in 0.1 M HCl according to the reaction: NH2CONH2 (aq) + H+ (aq) + 2H2O (l) → 2NH4 + (aq) + HCO3 - (aq).
The reaction is first order in urea and first order overall. When [NH2CONH2] = 0.200 M, the rate at 61 °C is 8.56 x 10-5 M s -1 .
(i) What is the value of the rate constant?
(ii) What is the concentration of urea in this solution after 1 hour if the starting concentration is 0.500 M?
(iii) How long does it take for the initial concentration of urea to decrease to half its value at 61 °C?
(iv) What is the proportion of starting material that remains after three (3) half-lives?
Chemical pathways by which living things function, especially those that provide cellular energy, such as the transformation of energy from food into the energy of ATP. Metabolism also focuses on chemical pathways involving the synthesis of new biomolecules and the elimination of waste.
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