Under normal loading condition, a 3.6m thick normally consolidated clay has an in-situ overburden pressure of 100 kPa and initial void ratio of 1.22. A surcharge of 190 kPa reduces its void ratio to 0.98. The hydraulic conductivity of the clay for the loading range is 6.1 x 10-5 m/day.  Determine the full consolidation settlement of the clay layer Determine its compression index Determine the coefficient of volume compressibility of the clay How long will it take for this clay layer to reach 60% consolidation if it is drained on one side only?

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.