Under anoxic conditions, biological denitrification of waste water by activated sludge results in theconversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. Sludge is microorganisms, and these microorganisms carry outthis reaction, this is a biological reaction. When acetic acid provides the carbon source, the reactioncan be represented as follows:5CH3COOH + 8NO3 → 4N2+ 10CO2 + 6H20 + 8HOAcetic acidNitratea) Is the stoichiometric equation balanced? write down the number of atoms of each species on leftside and also on the right side of this equation.b) In the absence of side reactions, what is the yield of nitrogen from acetic acid in g g1?c) A certain waste water contains 6.0 mM acetic acid and 7mM NaNO3. If 25% of the acetic acid and15% of the nitrate (NO3) are consumed in other reactions (e.g, for growth of the microorganisms inthe sludge), which is the limiting substrate in the denitrification reaction?d) For the situation described in part c), what mass of gaseous nitrogen (N2) in grams is producedfrom treatment of 5000 liters of waste water if the reaction is allowed to proceed until the limitingsubstrate is exhausted? What is the extent of reaction § under these conditions?

(a) The equation is stochimetrically balanced. The number of atoms of an element on left side is…

Answered: Under anoxic conditions, biological…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Consider the reaction below. Where would the labelled carbon (represented by the asterisk * in the reactant) end up in the product? CH₂OPO3² NADP+ 44 * OH OH OH as CO2 C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 NADPH CO₂ 1 CH₂OH 2 3 :0 CHOH 4 CHOH 5 CH₂OPO3²-
Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or vitamin E play a critical protective role in the body. These compounds are thought to "scavenge" free radicals produced in the body before they are able to cause damage. In this process, the antioxidant is oxidized, transforming the free radical into a less reactive species that is eliminated from the body. Ascorbic acid undergoes chemically reversible oxidation to dehydroascorbic acid. Suggest a method that will accurately determine the number of electrons involved in this oxidation. Be specific as to what you will measure and how you will relate it to the number of electrons involved in this oxidation
Based on the attached photo, answer the ff. questions: 1. Why is the condensation of glutamate and ammonium an endergonic reaction? 2. How much energy was used by the endergonic reaction? What happens to the free energy?
L-lysine is being produced by Corynebacterium glutamicumin a bioreactorusing glucose as the carbon source, ammonia as the nitrogen source. The bacteria grow aerobicallyin a continuous process at steady-state.All streams of this process are aqueous. In the inlet stream, 8 grams of glucose is included per 100 grams of stream liquid, which flows at a rate of 500 kg/h. The flow rate of glucose in the outlet steam is 1 kg/h.The reaction occurs at 25 °C. According this does the growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum cells inside this bioreactor release or absorb heat? Should heat be supplied to the bioreactor, or removed from, to maintain the operation temperature?
Why do organisms using or living in the presence of oxygen need to eliminate these chemical species ( free radicals)? in reference to oxygen usage which organisms must produce enzymes that detoxify free radicals?
Predict the major product after all reactions occur.( Please step by step answer and don't use hand raiting please
a) what happens if an enzyme is not made correctly? b) what is the function of the major RNA is it proteins synthesis? c) what is the primary source of all glucose, and why is it such an important monosaccharide?You need to include its molecular formula. d) when you react ammonia with a halogenated alkane will you get only one organic product? Why or why not? (do not talk about inorganic products) e) emulsifiers are pretty important compounds for daily life, externally and internally to us humans. Describes the two parts of an emulsifier molecule, and how most emulsifiers work and what they actually do. f) consider the ring structure of B-D glucose. it will give a positive test as a reducing sugar. Describe how that can happen in a pH=7 solution such as fehlings'?
Yeast are facultative anaerobic organisms that can make ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but are also capable of switching to fermentation under anaerobic conditions. For thousands of years, humans have used yeast, such as Saccharomyces cervesisiae, to ferment grapes (starch sugar) to make wine (alcoholic beverage). Four batches of wine were made following the contents and conditions listed in the table below, Contents and Conditions of Four Batches of Wine Yeast Solution Water Grape Solution Batch Added Container (L) (L) (L) Lid 1 40 0.0 8 оpen 2 40 0.2 8 closed 40 0.2 8. оpen 4 40 0.2 closed 9. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) would produce the greatest amount of ATP is the batch of wine numbered 1 4 D. The highest alcohol (ethanol) content would be found in the batch of wine numbered 02 3
High energy electrons are used to produce ATP by: a) Creating an electrochemical gradient b) Pumping protons into a limited space as stored energy c) An enzyme that couples cation movement to phosphorylation of ADP d) The Chemiosmotic mechanism e) All of the above
During cheese production, LAB convert lactose to lactate and casein (milk protein) to amino acids. Lactate and amino acids then become the substrates for further microbial growth, which results in aroma production and deacidification of the cheese. The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica grows on the surface of many cheeses; it is capable of both lactate and amino acid catabolism. When grown on a lactate plus amino acid medium, Y. lipolytica preferentially consumes amino acids. Amino acid degradation results in the release of ammonia, which increases the pH. Draw a flow chart that shows the LAB fermentation of milk, followed by the growth of Y. lipolytica. Indicate which substrates are consumed first and what happens to the pH. Based on this simplified scenario, why do you think most cheeses involve the activity of more than one yeast species?
Complete the following chart: Type of electron carrier Location Electrons Proton Important features (accept and donate) (accept and donate) Flavoproteins Cytochromes Copper atoms Ubiquinone Iron-sulfur proteins
4. The enthalpy change of a chemical process depends only on the initial and final conditions, it is independent of the number of intermediate steps in the process. This sums up the ... a) Hess law b) heat additivity law c) law of the enthalpy of formation d) a and b e) a and c f) b and c 5. The reverse activation energy of a certain exothermic reaction is 50 kJ / mol. The direct activation energy of this reaction is: a) greater than 50 kJ / mol b) less than 50 kJ / mol c) 50 kJ / mol d) 0 kJ / mol 6. What is the overall reaction order for the next reaction. 2A + B – 2C + D v = k [A]• [B]* b) 4 c) 3 d) 2 e) 1 5432N1

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