Two shopping trolleys, X and Y, are both moving to the right along along the same straight line. The mass of trolley Y is 12kg and its kinetic energy is 37,5J. 1.1 Calculate the speed of trolley Y.   Trolley X of mass 30kg collides with trolley Y and they stick together on impact. After the collision, the combined speed of the trolleys is 3,2 m/s. (Ignore the effects of friction.) 1.2 Calculate the speed of trolley X before the collision. During the collision, trolley X exerts a force on trolley Y. The collision time is 0,2s. 1.3 Calculate the magnitude of the force that trolley X exert on trolley Y

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Helmholtz Free Energy

The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential used to calculate the measure of useful work from a closed system. This system is kept at constant temperature and volume. German physicist Hermann Helmholtz introduced this concept in 1882.