Two possible Lewis electron-dot diagrams for fulminic acid, HCNO, are shown below. Н—С%3DN—ӧ: Н—ё—N—ӧ: a. Explain why the diagram on the left is the better representation for the bonding in fulminic acid. Justify your choice based on formal charges. Fulminic acid can convert to isocyanic acid according to the equation below. HCNO(g)=HNCO(g) fulminic acid - isocyanic acid Fulminic Acid Isoeyanie Acid н-сек-ф н—й—с-б b. Using the Lewis electron-dot diagrams of fulminic acid and isocyanic acid shown in the boxes above and the table of average bond enthalpies below, determine the value of AH for the reaction of HCNO(g) to form HNCO(g). Enthalpy (kJ/mol) Enthalpy (kJ/mol) Enthalpy (kJ/mol) Bond Bond Bond N-O 201 C-N 615 Н-С 413 c=0 745 C=N 891 Н-N 391 c. A student claims that AS for the reaction is close to zero. Explain why the student's claim is accurate.
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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