Туре of mutation: Effect: protein/ amino acid Original Altered sequence sequence DNA nucleotide MRNA AUUCGAGUA AUUCGGGUA amino acid MRNA ACGGAACCG ACGGUACCG amino acid MRNA GCUAGAAGU GCUUGAAGU amino acid GGCGCUACAUCA GGCAGCUACAUCA MRNA amino acid MRNA GGCGCUACAUCA GGGCUACAUCA amino acid

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For each altered nucleotide sequence give the type of mutation (effect at the DNA/nucleotide level; see #1 above)

**Instructions for Translating mRNA Nucleotide Sequences**

For each of the five short mRNA nucleotide sequences provided in the table, follow these steps:

1. **Translation of Original Sequence:**
   - Translate the original sequence. Begin the translation at the first nucleotide for these short sequences.

2. **Identification of Differences:**
   - Identify and highlight or underline the single nucleotide difference between the original (left) and altered (right) sequences.

3. **Type of Mutation:**
   - For each altered nucleotide sequence, specify the type of mutation. Consider the effects at the DNA/nucleotide level.

4. **Translation of Changed Sequence:**
   - Translate each changed sequence. Determine whether the mutation causes a change in the amino acid sequence. Discuss the impact of the mutation on protein structure, referencing amino acid sequences. 

Evaluating how mutations affect genetic translation and protein synthesis is crucial for understanding molecular biology concepts.
Transcribed Image Text:**Instructions for Translating mRNA Nucleotide Sequences** For each of the five short mRNA nucleotide sequences provided in the table, follow these steps: 1. **Translation of Original Sequence:** - Translate the original sequence. Begin the translation at the first nucleotide for these short sequences. 2. **Identification of Differences:** - Identify and highlight or underline the single nucleotide difference between the original (left) and altered (right) sequences. 3. **Type of Mutation:** - For each altered nucleotide sequence, specify the type of mutation. Consider the effects at the DNA/nucleotide level. 4. **Translation of Changed Sequence:** - Translate each changed sequence. Determine whether the mutation causes a change in the amino acid sequence. Discuss the impact of the mutation on protein structure, referencing amino acid sequences. Evaluating how mutations affect genetic translation and protein synthesis is crucial for understanding molecular biology concepts.
### Genetic Code Chart and Mutation Analysis

#### Genetic Code Chart
The top section of the image displays a genetic code chart used for translating mRNA codons into amino acids. The chart is organized as follows:

1. **Rows and Columns**:
   - The first letter of the mRNA codon is listed on the left side.
   - The second letter forms the top row.
   - The third letter is on the right side.

2. **Amino Acids**:
   - Each box within the chart represents an amino acid coded by the corresponding mRNA triplet. For example:
     - UUU and UUC code for Phenylalanine.
     - AUG is the start codon coding for Methionine.
     - UAA, UAG, and UGA are stop codons.

#### Mutation Analysis Table

The bottom section contains a table analyzing mutations in mRNA sequences.

1. **Columns**:
   - **Original Sequence**: Displays the initial mRNA sequence.
   - **Altered Sequence**: Shows the mRNA sequence after mutation.
   - **Type of Mutation: DNA Nucleotide**: Identifies the specific nucleotide mutation in DNA.
   - **Effect: Protein/Amino Acid**: Notes the resulting effect on the protein or amino acid sequence.

2. **Rows**:
   - Each row starts with an mRNA sequence followed by the mutation analysis.
   - The table provides placeholders for describing the amino acid changes resulting from the mutations.

Example Row Analysis:

- **Original Sequence**: AUUCGGAGUA
- **Altered Sequence**: AUUCGGGUA
- No specific mutations or effects are provided in the table for the example sequences.

This diagram is typically used in education to help students understand how genetic mutations affect protein synthesis.
Transcribed Image Text:### Genetic Code Chart and Mutation Analysis #### Genetic Code Chart The top section of the image displays a genetic code chart used for translating mRNA codons into amino acids. The chart is organized as follows: 1. **Rows and Columns**: - The first letter of the mRNA codon is listed on the left side. - The second letter forms the top row. - The third letter is on the right side. 2. **Amino Acids**: - Each box within the chart represents an amino acid coded by the corresponding mRNA triplet. For example: - UUU and UUC code for Phenylalanine. - AUG is the start codon coding for Methionine. - UAA, UAG, and UGA are stop codons. #### Mutation Analysis Table The bottom section contains a table analyzing mutations in mRNA sequences. 1. **Columns**: - **Original Sequence**: Displays the initial mRNA sequence. - **Altered Sequence**: Shows the mRNA sequence after mutation. - **Type of Mutation: DNA Nucleotide**: Identifies the specific nucleotide mutation in DNA. - **Effect: Protein/Amino Acid**: Notes the resulting effect on the protein or amino acid sequence. 2. **Rows**: - Each row starts with an mRNA sequence followed by the mutation analysis. - The table provides placeholders for describing the amino acid changes resulting from the mutations. Example Row Analysis: - **Original Sequence**: AUUCGGAGUA - **Altered Sequence**: AUUCGGGUA - No specific mutations or effects are provided in the table for the example sequences. This diagram is typically used in education to help students understand how genetic mutations affect protein synthesis.
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