True or False:1. In a continuous flow process, the mass flow rate of fluid entering the system is equal to themass flow rate of fluid leaving the system.2. The conservation of momentum principle is applied to analyze the force balance in steady-state flow processes.3. In an adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange between the system and itssurroundings.4. Energy balance equations can be used to determine the final temperature of a fluid in a heatexchanger.

Answers:1). True Explanation: In a continuous flow process, mass is conserved. The mass flow rate of…

Answered: True or False: 1. In a continuous flow…

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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Let’s verify that the macroscopic and microscopic approaches to the calculation of entropy lead to the same conclusion for the adiabatic free expansion of an ideal gas. Suppose the ideal gas as shown expands to four times its initial volume. As we have seen for this process, the initial and final temperatures are the same. (A) Using a macroscopic approach, calculate the entropy change for the gas. (B) Using statistical considerations, calculate the change in entropy for the gas and show that it agrees with the answer you obtained in part (A).
5.13: You can assume Torricelli's equation applies and calculate the exit velocity. Knowing the exit velocity, you can then calculate the velocity of the level falling in the tank.
2. Consider a flow of liquid in a horizontal circular tube which is mobile. The flow in the tube is assumed to be fully developed and pressures at two ends are Po and PL. The cylindrical tube has radius of R and length of L. The tube itself is moving along the z-direction with a velocity of Vz (R) = -α Trz (R), where a > 0. a) Obtain the radial velocity profile in the circular tube. b) Find the average velocity Hint (Answer): R Z Fluid flows in z- direction L Uz = ΔΡ 4μL ΔΡ 2L - R21 2μ ΔΡ Uavg=8μL R²+ ΔΡ 2L aR - R2V 2μ
Thermal systems problem: Assume that nitrogen is available in a storage tank at 2 MPa and 210 K. On the following chart, show the path for the following scenarios. a) An expansion valve is connected to this tank that drops the fluid (i.e., nitrogen) pressure at its outlet to one atmosphere. b) A compressor is connected to this tank that raises the fluid pressure at its outlet to 10 MPa. c) A turbine is connected to this tank that drops the fluid pressure at its outlet to one atmospheric pressure. d) A heat exchanger is connected to this tank that raises the fluid temperature to 330K at its outlet. e) A heat exchanger is connected to this tank that drops the fluid temperature to 135K at its outlet. f) Show the process for the fluid to change its state from 2 MPa and 210 K to 14 MPa and 240 K. Identify the required equipment. g) If a coolant at 150 K is available, is it possible to change the state of nitrogen from 2 MPa and 210 K to saturated liquid at atmospheric pressure? If…
Consider a conical tank of maximum radius R at maximum liquid depth H. Liquid flows into the tank at volumetric rate F, and leaves at volumetric rate F₁. Flow through the outlet valve has linear flow characteristics as given by the following equation: F₁ = C₁.h Evaporative losses at the surface are proportional to the surface area. Assume the liquid density remains constant. H R F₁ Develop the dynamic mathematical model relating the change of liquid depth h with respect to time t. The derivative term should be expressed as dh/dt. Express the angle in terms of the tank geometry. Consider the dependency on the inlet flow rate with respect to time as an independent variable. Do not attempt to solve the resulting mathematical model.
8
HOMEWORK-2 Considering the steady-state laminar flow of a liquid with density p and viscosity p in a vertical tube of length L and radius R; a) Show the momentum flux and velocity profile in the figure. b) Determine the momentum flux distribution, the velocity distribution, the maximum velocity (Vzmax), and the average velocity (Vzaverage) expressions. PL L R ! Po 1111111 Flow in
Separate streams of air and water flow through the compressor and heat exchanger arrangement shown below. Steady-state operating data is provided in the figure. Heat transfer with the environment can be neglected, as can all potential and kinetic energy effects. Air is modeled as an ideal gas. Determine: (a) the total power required by both compressors, in kW. (b) the mass flow rate of the water, in kg / s.
Consider the steady, isothermal, irrotational flow of an incompressible frictionless fluid subject only to a body force characterized by a potential O, where F,=- V@ (in units of force/volume). Since the fluid is frictionless, the only surface force is due to pressure, F =-pn. By completing a momentum balance on a material volume of fluid subject to the constraints listed above, derive Bernouilli's law, P + ½pv² + O = constant along a fluid streamline.
A 7 dm3 rigid tank contains 4.5 kg of saturated water (liquid and vapor) at 38ºC. The tank is slowly heated. a. After a long period of time what do you think happened to the liquid water surface: do you think it raised and reached the top of the tank or it dropped and reached the bottom of it? b. Solve the same problem considering that the amount of water is 0.45 kg instead.
Question 2 A water pump driven by an 800 W electric motor is used to pump water from the ground level to a tank at the rate of 20000 L/hour. Water is being discharged into the tank at 10 meters above the ground; this is the maximum rise this pump can achieve. The water and the ambient temperatures are both 10 °C. The inlet and outlet pipe diameters for the pump are both 8 cm, respectively. Determine: (1)/ The average inlet linear flow velocity of the water; 2) Assuming the efficiency of the electric motor is 95%, calculate the efficieney-of the motor-pump unit; 3) The pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the pump.
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