To an observer on Earth, through what angle will Mars appear to move relative to the stars over the course of 24 hours when the two planets are at closest approach? Assume for simplicity that Earth and Mars move on circular orbits of radii 1.0 AU and 1.5 AU, respectively, in exactly the same plane. Will the apparent motion be prograde or retrograde?
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To an observer on Earth, through what angle will Mars appear to move relative to the stars over the course of 24 hours when the two planets are at closest approach? Assume for simplicity that Earth and Mars move on circular orbits of radii 1.0 AU and 1.5 AU, respectively, in exactly the same plane. Will the apparent motion be prograde or retrograde?
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