Titanium can be produced by electrolytic reduction from an anhydrous molten salt electrolyte that contains titanium(IV) chloride and a spectator salt that furnishes ions to make the electrolyte conduct electricity. The stan- dard enthalpy of formation of TiCl4(liquid) is -750 kJ mol^-1, and the standard entropies of TiCl4(liquid), Ti(s), and Cl2(g) are 253, 30, and 223 J K^-1 mol^-1, respectively. What minimum applied voltage will be necessary at 100°C?

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Titanium can be produced by electrolytic reduction from an anhydrous molten salt electrolyte that contains titanium(IV) chloride and a spectator salt that furnishes ions to make the electrolyte conduct electricity. The stan- dard enthalpy of formation of TiCl4(liquid) is -750 kJ mol^-1, and the standard entropies of TiCl4(liquid), Ti(s), and Cl2(g) are 253, 30, and 223 J K^-1 mol^-1, respectively. What minimum applied voltage will be necessary at 100°C?

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