Tiny samples of aqueous solutions are sketched below, as it under a microscope so powerful that individual molecules could be seen. (The water molecules are not shown.) The two substances in each sample can interconvert. That is, each kind of molecule can turn into the other. The equilibrium constant K for each interconversion equilibrium is shown below the sketch. Decide whether each solution is at equilibrium. m K= At equilibrium? по ○ yes O no K=1 At equilibrium? Oyes 75 = K= At equilibrium? At equilibrium? ○ yes О по O yes О по

Tiny samples of aqueous solutions are sketched below, as it under a microscope so powerful that individual molecules could be seen. (The water molecules are not shown.) The two substances in each sample can interconvert. That is, each kind of molecule can turn into the other. The equilibrium constant K for each interconversion equilibrium is shown below the sketch. Decide whether each solution is at equilibrium. m K= At equilibrium? по ○ yes O no K=1 At equilibrium? Oyes 75 = K= At equilibrium? At equilibrium? ○ yes О по O yes О по

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

10th Edition

ISBN:9781337399074

Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Publisher:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Chapter15: Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Equilibria

Section15.3: Determining An Equilibrium Constant

Problem 15.3CYU: A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.050 mol of diiodocyclohexane, C5H10I2, in the solvent...

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What is the law of mass action? Is it true that the value of K depends on the amounts of reactants and products mixed together initially? Explain. Is it true that reactions with large equilibrium constant values are very fast? Explain. There is only one value of the equilibrium constant for a particular system at a particular temperature, but there is an infinite number of equilibrium positions. Explain.
Because calcium carbonate is a sink for CO32- in a lake, the student in Exercise 12.39 decides to go a step further and examine the equilibrium between carbonate ion and CaCOj. The reaction is Ca2+(aq) + COj2_(aq) ** CaCO,(s) The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 2.1 X 10*. If the initial calcium ion concentration is 0.02 AI and the carbonate concentration is 0.03 AI, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the ions? A student is simulating the carbonic acid—hydrogen carbonate equilibrium in a lake: H2COj(aq) H+(aq) + HCO}‘(aq) K = 4.4 X 10"7 She starts with 0.1000 AI carbonic acid. What are the concentrations of all species at equilibrium?
Suppose a reaction has the equilibrium constant K = 1.3 108. What does the magnitude of this constant tell you about the relative concentrations of products and reactants that will be present once equilibrium is reached? Is this reaction likely to be a good source of the products?
Consider 0.200 mol phosphorus pentachloride sealed in a 2.0-L container at 620 K. The equilibrium constant, Kc, is 0.60 for PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) Calculate the concentrations of all species after equilibrium has been reached.
Consider the system 4NH3(g)+3O2(g)2N2(g)+6H2O(l)H=1530.4kJ (a) How will the concentration of ammonia at equilibrium be affected by (1) removing O2(g)? (2) adding N2(g)? (3) adding water? (4) expanding the container? (5) increasing the temperature? (b) Which of the above factors will increase the value of K? Which will decrease it?
Explain that equilibrium is dynamic, and that at equilibrium the forward and backward reaction rates are equal.
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In Section 13.1 of your text, it is mentioned that equilibrium is reached in a closed system. What is meant by the term closed system. and why is it necessary to have a closed system in order for a system to reach equilibrium? Explain why equilibrium is not reached in an open system.
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