Three machines are used in a group-technology cell to process a family of five parts. The table below lists production quantities (Qj), production times (Tpij), and machine fractions for each family member (fij). Part E requires a changeover time of 5 min on each machine so it is produced in batches of 5 parts. Nonoperation times (Tno) are the same for all parts and machines: 25 min per machine. Determine (a) average hourly production rate for the cell, (b) utilization of each machine and average utilization of the cell, (c) manufacturing lead time, and (d) work-in-process. A spreadsheet calculator is recommended for this problem

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Basic Thermodynamic Processes

The word 'thermodynamics' can be divided into two words, 'thermo' and 'dynamics'. The word thermo deals with the heat and thermal phenomenon, whereas dynamics deals with forces or external agent that drives the heat flow or aids in the motion of heat.