three aspects of forensic science that are accurately represented and three that are not accurately represented. Explain the errors and how they might be corrected.
Answer:
In a criminal justice system, police departments enforce both criminal and civil laws, and forensic science is the application of science to those laws. The application of science to law is the broadest meaning of forensic science.
The eleven sections of the American Academy of Forensic Science, the largest forensic science organisation in the world, which represents a wide range of professions that practise forensic science, serve as an illustration of this diversity:
A. Criminalistics B. Digital and Multimedia Sciences C. Engineering Science D. General E. Jurisprudence F. Odontology
G. Pathology / Biology H. Physical Anthropology I. Psychiatry/ Behavioural Science J. Questioned Documents K. Toxicology
Errors, types of errors and measures for its correction:
The degree to which measurement findings depart from the true value is referred to as an error. Every measurement contains some degree of uncertainty, according to metrology; we can never be confident that the measurement accurately represents the underlying value. Even with the most accurate, widely-applicable measurement procedures possible, no measurement of a physical quantity can yield a number that is 100 percent accurate; measurements and true values often diverge.
The term "error" refers to the discrepancy between the measured value and the true value, and it can be further broken down into Systematic errors, Random errors, and Gross errors.
A. Systematic errors:
Instrumental mistakes, technique errors, individual faults, and environmental errors are all examples of systematic errors. For instance, a scientific equipment may consistently return readings that underestimate or exaggerate the genuine value if the temperature in the room where it is located is not set appropriately. Theoretically, actions like instrument calibration can be taken to control system errors.
A procedural error might be, for instance, a technician failing to calibrate a breath alcohol metre as frequently as required by rules. It raises the possibility of a measuring inaccuracy. Systematic errors have a unidirectional tendency in their behaviour. To put it another way, readouts or results from the same system frequently show values that are either greater or lower than the actual number.
Given that the opposing party typically employs a distinct system in the Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, and Verification procedures, systemic flaws are therefore easily discovered through cross-examination. Any analysis procedure that employs distinct tools, adheres to different principles, or employs diverse techniques can look at systematic errors.
Adhering to the Accreditation Criteria for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories, which standardises results from various laboratories to reduce errors from operational procedures such as equipment calibrations, is another measure to manage systemic errors. Since everything that relates to physics and chemistry also applies to all of forensic science, this method of limiting systematic errors is more effective.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
