This problem concerns a "typical" tyrosine residue found on the surface of a globular protein. a)  If the pKa of this residue is 10.1, at what pH will this residue be found in its deprotonated state in 99% of protein molecules? b)  How would the presence of a neighboring negatively charged residue effect the equilibrium expression for the dissociation of tyrosine? c)  Would the presence of the negatively charged residue raise or lower the pKa of this tyrosine? Justify and/or explain your answers in 1–2 sentences each for parts b) and c).

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.