ith timeout-triggered retransmissions is that the timeout period can be relative long. When a segment is lost, this long timeout period forces the sender to delay resending the lost packet, thereby increasing the end-to-end delay. Is there an

ith timeout-triggered retransmissions is that the timeout period can be relative long. When a segment is lost, this long timeout period forces the sender to delay resending the lost packet, thereby increasing the end-to-end delay. Is there an

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter9: Computer Networks

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15VE

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Similar questions

One of the problems with timeout-triggered retransmissions is that the time-out period can be relatively long. When a segment is lost, this long timeout period forces the sender to delay resending the lost packet, thereby increasing the end-to-end delay. Is there any remedy for this?
Most IP datagram reassembly algorithms have a timer to avoid having a lost fragment tie up reassembly buffers forever. Suppose that a datagram is fragmented into four fragments. The first three fragments arrive, but the last one is delayed. Eventually, the timer goes off and the three fragments in the receiver's memory are discarded. A little later, the last fragment stumbles in. What should be done with it?
R6Fragmentation of an IP datagram takes place if its size is larger than the MTU of the subnet over which the datagram will be routed. Most IP datagram reassembly algorithms have a timer to avoid having a lost fragment tie up reassembly buffers forever. Suppose a datagram is fragmented into four fragments. The first three fragments arrive, but the last one is delayed. Eventually the timer goes off and the three fragments in the receiver's memory are discarded. A little later, the last fragment stumbles in. What should be done with it?
To achieve totally-ordered multicasting with Lamport timestamps, is it strictly necessary that each message is acknowledged?
For NAT Network Address Translation Scenario: Jenny Bello is a small business owner selling and making customized computer peripherals. She has been finding it difficult to track her sales and inventories, however recently after an expert's advice, she adopted a Point of Sale (PoS) server. So, she can now track her sales and inventories at the store. However, she ran into another issue, the server can only be accessed within the store, because it has been assigned a private IPv4 address, it is not publicly accessible via the Internet. a) Why is not having the PoS server accessible over the Internet a problem for the business? b) What caused this problem? c) Propose a solution for the problem and explain how the solution works.
It is possible for a series of packets to be sent from one host to another over the same connection. Please break down the time it takes for a single package to go from beginning to conclusion. Is it expected that one of the delays would last a certain period of time while the other delay's length will be more malleable?
A sender with window size (W=3) is connected to a selective repeat receiver by a link with bandwidth =106 bytes/second and propagation delay of 0.25 msec. The receiver sends Positive ACK for correctly received packets. For each packet sent, the sender sets a timer with time out value of 5 msec. On receiving an ack for a packet, the timer for that packet is cancelled. If the timer expires, that packet is retransmitted immediately. Assume that the sender sends packets 1, 2, and 3 (at t=0, packet size =1000 Bytes) and packet 2 is lost. NO other packet is lost. Under this scheme , at what time in msec would all the packets been received at the receiver.
It is theoretically feasible for two hosts to communicate with one another by sending packets back and forth over the same connection. Please enumerate all of the components that are responsible for the overall amount of time required to process a single packet, starting to end. Is it to be anticipated that one of the delays will continue for a certain amount of time, while the duration of the other delay will be more unpredictable?
Suppose Alice and Bob are going to communicate using AES in CBC mode. Unfortunately Alice's message length (in bytes) is not a multiple of 16. Suppose the last block of her message is just a single zero byte. How can she pad out the last block so that she can use CBC mode? Since this needs to be a reversible operation, how does Bob recognize the padding and remove it?
To ensure the quality of service, especially for multiple applications, regulating the rate at which packets are sent to the network is an important strategy. The leaky bucket is just one of such mechanisms. A flow of packets is said to conform to the leaky bucket specification (r, b), where r is the average rate and b is the burst rate, if the number of packets arriving at the leaky bucket is less than r*t + b in every time interval of t. What is the implication of that? What will happen if the number of packets arriving at the leaky bucket is equal to or greater than r*t + b?
It is possible for a series of packets to be sent from one host to another over the same route. Please break down the time it takes for a single package to go from beginning to conclusion. Is it expected that one of the delays would last a certain period of time and the other delay's length will be more variable?
In TCP Fast Retransmit, if we receive three duplicate ACKS after sending out a packet that is not incrementally ACK-ed but before the time-out associated with that packet, we immediately retransmit the packet without waiting for the timeout to occur. Why do we wait for three duplicates instead of just one?