) Think back to the example of ovenbird evoluon in South America. Ovenbirds are a diverse family of small, insect-eang birds that live mainly in South America. Different ovenbird species have adapted to rocky ocean shorelines, snowy mountains, scorched deserts and tropical rainforests. Like finches, ovenbirds have a variety of beak sizes and shapes, an important indicator of food preference that makes them ideal for studying evoluon. In ovenbirds, "some [beaks] are long and down-curved, like a scythe, for probing into crevices in tree bark and others have short dagger-like bills." What conclusions did the researchers reach? A) ovenbirds are diverse because they do not share any common ancestors B) ovenbirds because successful because they are not native to the area and could easily colonize the area C) birds have different beaks that help them exploit different resources and avoid competition
1) Think back to the example of ovenbird evoluon in South America. Ovenbirds are a diverse family of small, insect-eang birds that live mainly in South America. Different ovenbird species have adapted to rocky ocean shorelines, snowy mountains, scorched deserts and tropical rainforests. Like finches, ovenbirds have a variety of beak sizes and shapes, an important indicator of food preference that makes them ideal for studying evoluon. In ovenbirds, "some [beaks] are long and down-curved, like a scythe, for probing into crevices in tree bark and others have short dagger-like bills." What conclusions did the researchers reach?
A) ovenbirds are diverse because they do not share any common ancestors
B) ovenbirds because successful because they are not native to the area and could easily colonize the area
C) birds have different beaks that help them exploit different
2) One ant species from Africa is best at competing for space, but is worse at colonizing a new area. This is an example of
A)niche differentiation (resource partitioning).
B)a trade-off.
C)coexistence.
3)Which of the following is NOT a reason that species competing for a shared resource can coexist, seemingly contradicting the competitive exclusion principle.
A)heterogeneity of the habitat
B)the introduction of a new competitor.
C)resource partitioning
4)A species that grows quickly and is a good competitor but lacks specialized adaptations to living in unique environments most likely occupies ________ of its fundamental niche. Hint: think of the barnacle example in the lesson - I'm describing the large barnacle Balanus balanoides.
A) a large amount
B)the realistic part
C) None
5) When the overlap of species resource use severely lessons or disappears altogether due to character displacement, the species experience:
A)hybridization.
B)resource partitioning.
C)ecological release from competition
6)Four species of ants that coexist in Kenya all occupy Acacia trees. Species battle for the occupation of trees and must colonize or recolonize sites as they become available. How is it possible that these four species overlap? (choose all that are correct)
A)Resource (or niche) partitioning.
B)There is spatial (space) heterogeneity.
C)Character displacement.
D)There is temporal (time) heterogeneity.
7)In the lesson was a video on the "killer algae" Caulerpa taxifolia. Why is this species a problem in areas where it has established, and especially in the Mediterranean Sea?
A)the native algae is used by many species that cannot utilize Caulerpa.
B)Caulerpa taxifolia is poisonous to herbivores
C)all of the choices are true.
D)Caulerpa taxifolia outcompetes the native algae and displaces it
8)The graph above that shows 2 species of phytoplankton and how they coexist or don’t with varying amounts of 2 resources, phosphorus (shown as concentration of PO4) and silica (shown as concentration of SiO2). The areas represented by A and B represent the __________ of Cyclotella. Hint: think about where Cyclotella is able to exist versus where you actually find it.
A)realized niche
B)character displacement
C)cytotoxic niche
9)You hypothesize that two species are in competition with one another. You conduct an experiment where you take one species away and observe the second species. If your hypothesis is correct, you would expect that the second species:
A)should evolve to differentiate itself morphologically from the first species.
B)should increase in
C)should go locally extinct.
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