The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of anatom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons.It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amountof energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stableand the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other.The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons foundin the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number ofneutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom.+ Binding energyNucleus(smaller mass)Separated nucleons(greater mass)Figure 1: Binding Energy in the NucleusThe approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomicnucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using thefollowing formula:(A – 22)²- asasEb = a,A – ażA3 – az-1AAZwhere, a, = 15.67, az = 17.23, az = 0.75, a4 = 93.2 ,andR12.0if A is oddif A and Z are both evenif A is even and Z is Oddas =12.0–12.0The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the bindingenergy (Eb) by the mass number (A).You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomicnumber (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example,if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 * Z)inclusive, see the example output in figure 2.If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, theprogram should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown infigure 2.Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon,which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copyof the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).In [25) : runfile('/Users/hamzazidoum/Documents/2101/21e1_s2021/Programming Assignments/PA4/pa4_nuclear.py', wdire'/Users/hamzazidoum/Documents/2101/2i01_s2021/Programming Ass ignments/PA4)>>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) [1,118): e>>>Enter valid atomi c number(Z)(1,118) : -120>>>Enter valid atomic number (2)(1,118) : 200>>>Enter valid atomic number (2)(z) (1,118): 5bindingenergy====-3=-448.9 96-226.623-82.990-3.77847.11164.22870.24555.e0935.9521.794-32.682-78.825-123.4 53-177.641-229.3e7-289.143binding energyper Nucleon====== ====-89.799-37.771-11.856-0.4725.2356.4236.3864.5842.766e.128-2.179-4.927-7.262-9.86911121314151617181920-12.069-14.457The most stable nucleus has a mass number 10Figure 2: Sample run of the program output.txt -bindingbinding_ energyper Nucleon- ------energy-448.996-89.799-37.771-11.856-0.4725.235-226.623-82.990-3.77847.11164.22870.24555.00935.9521.794-32.682-78.825-123.453-177.641-229.307-289.1436.4236.3864.5842.7660.128-2.179-4.927-7.262-9.869-12.069-14.457151617181920Figure 3: Output FileYour program should be modular and consists of the following functions:a) read():- Ask the user for a valid atomic number (Z)b) compute_binding_energy (Z, table):- Build the table (a list of lists) of binding energy where the columns are:the mass number (A), the binding energy (Eb) and the binding energy pernucleon (BEN), while the rows range from A = Z to A = 4Zc) most_stable(table) :- Find and return the row that contains the highest binding energy pernucleon, which corresponds to the most stable configuration.d) print_table(table) :- Print the table in a neat tabular format as shown in the sample run infigure 2.e) write_to_file(table, file_name):- Save the table in a text file output.txt as shown in figure 3.

The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons. It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amount of energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stable and the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other. The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number of neutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom. + Binding energy Nucleus ksmaller mass) Separated nucleons (greater mass) Figure 1: Binding Energy in the Nucleus The approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomic nucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using the

The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons. It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amount of energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stable and the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other. The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number of neutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom. + Binding energy Nucleus ksmaller mass) Separated nucleons (greater mass) Figure 1: Binding Energy in the Nucleus The approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomic nucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using the

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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