The table below refers to a case control study on the association between sulfones and streptomycin drugs in the treatment of leprosy. Subjects were sampled based on their clinical change to treatment and then asked whether they had a high or low degree of infiltration. The degree of infiltration measures a type of skin damage. We will use clinical change response scores {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3}. The question of interest is whether degree of infiltration is associated with clinical change.(a) Compute the sample proportions of having a high degree of infiltration for each clinical change group? What type of variable is Clinical Change?(B)Conduct a Cochran-Armitage trend test at the 5% significance level to determine whether there is an association between degree of infiltration and clinical change.(C)Now, ignore the fact that clinical change is an ordinal variable. Conduct a chi-squared test for association between degree of infiltration and clinical change at the 5% significance level.(D)Compare your results in parts (b)and (c). Why do your conclusions differ? ### Clinical Change and Degree of Infiltration| Clinical Change | High | Low ||-----------------------|------|-----|| Worse | 1 | 11 || Stationary | 13 | 53 || Slight Improvement | 16 | 42 || Moderate Improvement | 15 | 27 || Marked Improvement | 7 | 11 |The table above provides a detailed analysis of clinical changes in correlation with the degree of infiltration, categorized as either High or Low.**Definitions:**- **Clinical Change:** Refers to the alteration in the patient's condition observed during the study.- **Degree of Infiltration:** Represents the extent to which a medical substance or treatment has penetrated the necessary area.**Observations:**1. **Worse:** Indicates a deterioration in the patient's condition. - High Infiltration: 1 case. - Low Infiltration: 11 cases.2. **Stationary:** Signifies no change in the patient's condition. - High Infiltration: 13 cases. - Low Infiltration: 53 cases.3. **Slight Improvement:** Represents a minimal positive change in the patient's condition. - High Infiltration: 16 cases. - Low Infiltration: 42 cases.4. **Moderate Improvement:** Implies a noticeable positive change in the patient's condition. - High Infiltration: 15 cases. - Low Infiltration: 27 cases.5. **Marked Improvement:** Denotes a significant positive change in the patient's condition. - High Infiltration: 7 cases. - Low Infiltration: 11 cases.The analysis helps in understanding the effectiveness of varying degrees of infiltration on the clinical outcomes of patients.

Clinical ChangeDegree of InfiltrationWorse(-1)Stationary(0)Slight Improvement(1)Moderate…

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Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Student Edition 2015

1st Edition

ISBN:9781680331141

Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

Publisher:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

Chapter9: Solving Quadratic Functions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CA

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The table below refers to a case control study on the association between sulfones and streptomycin drugs in the treatment of leprosy. Subjects were sampled based on their clinical change to treatment and then asked whether they had a high or low degree of infiltration. The degree of infiltration measures a type of skin damage. We will use clinical change response scores {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3}. The question of interest is whether degree of infiltration is associated with clinical change. (a) Compute the sample proportions of having a high degree of infiltration for each clinical change group? What type of variable is Clinical Change? (B)Conduct a Cochran-Armitage trend test at the 5% significance level to determine whether there is an association between degree of infiltration and clinical change. (C)Now, ignore the fact that clinical change is an ordinal variable. Conduct a chi-squared test for association between degree of infiltration and clinical change at the 5% significance level. (D)Compare your results in parts (b)and (c). Why do your conclusions differ?