The stress concentration occurs whenever there is an abrupt change in the cross-section of a component or there is any discontinuity in the material. The figure given below shows a flat plate with a hole of diameter d. The plate is fixed at one end and the other end is subjected to a tensile load of P = 41 kN due to which there is a change in length of 0.4 mm. The thickness of the plate is 11 mm. The maximum stress developed in the flat plate is 235 MPa. Take Young's modulus(E) = 210 GPa and theoretical stress concentration factor =2, Calculate the following values: i) Width of the plate (W2) in mm ii) Nominal Stress in MPa iii) Diameter of the hole (d) in mm Hole with stress concentration factor 2 35 mm W2 35 mm P 300 mm 350 mm- 250 mm

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Material Properties

Construction in civil engineering demands high strength, durability, and longevity. These targets can be achieved by better design and analysis, along with the correct choice of materials. Different materials have different properties and hence, they respond and performs differently under the various condition of external loadings. It is therefore a critical task of an engineer to select the right material based on the property that the material is supposed to function in real-time. When speaking about the property, there are different categories of material properties like chemical property, physical property, mechanical property, electrical property, magnetic property, thermal property, etc. These material properties form the basis of material selection in various applications.