The steps to the Born-Haber cycle for RbCl are outlined. Identify each step as endothermic or exothermic. 1. sublimation of rubidium Rb(s) Rb(g) 2. dissociation of the chlorine molecule Cl,(g) – 2CI(g) 3. ionization of rubidium Answer Bank Rb(g) - Rb*(g) +e exothermic 4. electron affinity of chlorine endothermic CI(g) + e - cr(g) ) 5. formation of RbCI from its ions Rb* (g) + CI-(g) – RBCI(s) The overall reaction is the formation of one mole of RbCl from its elements in their standard states. Is the overall reaction endothermic or exothermic? RBCI(s) Rb(s) + Cl,(g)

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Atomic Structure

The basic structure of an atom is defined as the component-level of atomic structure of an atom. Precisely speaking an atom consists of three major subatomic particles which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Many theories have been stated for explaining the structure of an atom.

Shape of the D Orbital

Shapes of orbitals are an approximate representation of boundaries in space for finding electrons occupied in that respective orbital. D orbitals are known to have a clover leaf shape or dumbbell inside where electrons can be found.