The soil profile shown is to carry a surcharge of 61 kPa applied at the ground surface. The result of the laboratory consolidation test of the middle of the clay layer is also shown. Calculate the settlement in the field caused by primary consolidation due to surcharge. The saturated unit weight of the clay is 18.2 kN/cum with a void ratio of 1.1.

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.