The potential energy of a harmonic oscillator is U = kx. Show that the expectation value (U) of U is EO / 2 when the oscillator is in the state n = 0. (In fact, this is true for all states of the harmonic oscillator.) What is the expected value of the kinetic energy of the oscillator? How do these results compare to the classical values of Ū and KE ?
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- Consider a quantum particle with energy E approaching a potential barrier of width L and heightV0 > E from the right (as shown in image). The wavefunction of the particles in the region x > L is given by ψ = A exp {−i (kx + ωt)} , where A, k and ω are all constants. Use the Gamow factor formalism to calculate an approximate expression for the transmission rate of these particles through the barrier.In a demonstration of the double slit experiment, a high velocity stream of dense spheres is fired at a slit , and another stream is fired at an adjacent identical slit. For each stream, all spheres pass straight through the slit, then hit the same location on a screen. Next, two streams of electrons are fired at two slits next to one another. On a screen beyond the slits, a diffraction pattern is formed. Which situation does classical mechanics explain, and which situation does quantum mechanics explain? Spheres Electrons A Classical mechanics Classical mechanics Spheres Electrons в Classical mechanics Quantum mechanics Spheres Electrons Quantum mechanics Classical mechanics Spheres Electrons D Quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics= = An electron having total energy E 4.60 eV approaches a rectangular energy barrier with U■5.10 eV and L-950 pm as shown in the figure below. Classically, the electron cannot pass through the barrier because E < U. Quantum-mechanically, however, the probability of tunneling is not zero. Energy E U 0 i (a) Calculate this probability, which is the transmission coefficient. (Use 9.11 x 10-31 kg for the mass of an electron, 1.055 x 10-34] s for h, and note that there are 1.60 x 10-19 J per eV.) (b) To what value would the width L of the potential barrier have to be increased for the chance of an incident 4.60-eV electron tunneling through the barrier to be one in one million? nm
- The normalised wavefunction for an electron in an infinite 1D potential well of length 80 pm can be written:ψ=(0.587 ψ2)+(0.277 i ψ7)+(g ψ6). As the individual wavefunctions are orthonormal, use your knowledge to work out |g|, and hence find the expectation value for the energy of the particle, in eV.The following Eigen function is a typical solution of the time-independent Schrödinger equation and satisfies boundary conditions for a particle in a confined space of a certain length. y(x) = sin (~77) (a) Plot the wave function as a function of x for L = 30 cm and n = 1, 2, 3 and 4. Note: You will need to have 4 plots in the same graph. (b) On a separate graph, plot the probability density (112) as a function of x using the conditions specified in part (a). Note: You will need to have 4 plots in the same graph. (c) Report your observations for parts (a) and (b)A) Report your answer as a decimal number with three signficant figures. B)Give your answer as a decimal number with three significant figures. C) How does the classical kinetic energy of the free electron compare in magnitude with the result you obtained in the previous part?
- 3A Quantum Harmonic Oscillator, with potential energy V(x) = ½ mω02x2, where m is the mass of the particle in the potential, and ω0 is a constant. Determine the value of the quantum number n for the wavefunction provided. Explain how the result is obtained, as well as state a numerical value.At time t = 0 the normalized wave function for a particle of mass m in the one-dimensional infinite well (see first image) is given by the function in the second image. Find ψ(x, t). What is the probability that a measurement of the energy at time t will yield the result ħ2π2/2mL2? Find <E> for the particle at time t. (Hint: <E> can be obtained by inspection, without an integral)