The potential energy of a diatomic molecule (a two-atom system like H2 or 02) is given by the Lennard-Jones potential U = A - B .12 76' where r is the separation of the two atoms of the molecule and A and B are positive constants. This potential energy is associated with the force that binds the two atoms together. (a) Find the equilibrium separation - that is, the distance between the atoms at which the force on each atom is zero. (b) What is the second derivative of the potential at the equilibrium position? (c) Given your answer to (b), is this equilibrium stable, unstable, or neutral? (a) ľeq = d ²u (b) dr2 r=req (a) req %3D (b) dr? r=reg (c)
Refraction of Light
Refraction is a change in the direction of light rays when they travel from one medium to another. It is the bending of light when it goes through different media.
Angle of Refraction
Light is considered by many scientists to have dual nature, both particle nature and wave nature. First, Particle nature is one in which we consider a stream of packets of energy called photons. Second, Wave nature is considering light as electromagnetic radiation whereas part of it is perceived by humans. Visible spectrum defined by humans lies in a range of 400 to 700 nm wavelengths.
Index of Refraction of Diamond
Diamond, the world’s hardest naturally occurring material and mineral known, is a solid form of the element carbon. The atoms are arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. They exist in a huge variety of colours. Also, they are one of the best conductors of heat and have a very high melting point.
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