The paper "The Relationship Between Cell Phone Use, Academic Performance, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in College Students"† described a study of cell phone use among undergraduate college students at a public university. The paper reported that the value of the correlation coefficient between x = cell phone use (measured as total amount of time (in hours) spent using a cell phone on a typical day) and y = GPA (cumulative GPA determined from university records) was r = −0.203.(a) Interpret the given value of the correlation coefficient. Does the value of the correlation coefficient suggest that students who use a cell phone for more hours per day tend to have higher GPAs or lower GPAs? The value of the correlation coefficient is , which suggests that students who use a cell phone for more hours per day tend to have GPA's. (b) The study also investigated the correlation between texting (measured as the total number of texts sent and texts received per day) and GPA. The direction of the relationship between texting and GPA was the same as the direction of the relationship between cell phone use and GPA, but the relationship between texting and GPA was not as strong. Which of the following possible values for the correlation coefficient between texting and GPA could have been the one observed? r = −0.30 r = −0.10 r = 0.10 r = 0.30(c) The paper included the following statement: "Participants filled in two blanks—one for texts sent and one for texts received. These two texting items were nearly perfectly correlated." Do you think that the value of the correlation coefficient for texts sent and texts received was close to −1, close to 0, or close to +1? Explain your reasoning. Since it is reasonable to believe that texts sent would be approximately equal to texts received, there would be a association between these items. In addition, given that the two texting items are nearly perfectly correlated, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient must be close to . Therefore, the correlation coefficient must be close to .
Correlation
Correlation defines a relationship between two independent variables. It tells the degree to which variables move in relation to each other. When two sets of data are related to each other, there is a correlation between them.
Linear Correlation
A correlation is used to determine the relationships between numerical and categorical variables. In other words, it is an indicator of how things are connected to one another. The correlation analysis is the study of how variables are related.
Regression Analysis
Regression analysis is a statistical method in which it estimates the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variable. In simple terms dependent variable is called as outcome variable and independent variable is called as predictors. Regression analysis is one of the methods to find the trends in data. The independent variable used in Regression analysis is named Predictor variable. It offers data of an associated dependent variable regarding a particular outcome.
The paper "The Relationship Between Cell Phone Use, Academic Performance, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in College Students"† described a study of cell phone use among undergraduate college students at a public university. The paper reported that the value of the
r = −0.203.
(a)
Interpret the given value of the correlation coefficient. Does the value of the correlation coefficient suggest that students who use a cell phone for more hours per day tend to have higher GPAs or lower GPAs?
The value of the correlation coefficient is , which suggests that students who use a cell phone for more hours per day tend to have GPA's.
(b)
The study also investigated the correlation between texting (measured as the total number of texts sent and texts received per day) and GPA. The direction of the relationship between texting and GPA was the same as the direction of the relationship between cell phone use and GPA, but the relationship between texting and GPA was not as strong. Which of the following possible values for the correlation coefficient between texting and GPA could have been the one observed?
r = −0.30
r = −0.10
r = 0.10
r = 0.30
(c)
The paper included the following statement: "Participants filled in two blanks—one for texts sent and one for texts received. These two texting items were nearly perfectly correlated." Do you think that the value of the correlation coefficient for texts sent and texts received was close to −1, close to 0, or close to +1? Explain your reasoning.
Since it is reasonable to believe that texts sent would be approximately equal to texts received, there would be a association between these items. In addition, given that the two texting items are nearly perfectly correlated, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient must be close to . Therefore, the correlation coefficient must be close to .
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