The money multiplier is described in Section 4-4. Assume the following:i. The public holds no currency.ii. The ratio of reserves to deposits is 0.1.iii. The demand for money is given byM =SY(8 – 4i)Initially, the monetary base is $100 billion, and nominal income is $5 trillion (i.c.$5000 billion).a. What is the demand for central bank money? (Write down an expression for thedemand for central bank money)b. Find the equilibrium interest rate by setting the demand for central bank moneyequal to the supply of central bank money.c. What is the overall supply of money? Is it equal to the overall demand for moneyat the interest rate you found in part (b)?d. What is the impact on the interest rate if central bank money is increased to $300billion?e. If the overall money supply increases to $3,000 billion, what will be the impact oni? [Hint: Use what you discovered in part (c).]

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ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Explain what a $5 billion increase in bank reserves will do to real GDP under the following assumptions: a.Each $1 billion increase in bank reserves reduces the rate of interest by 0.5 percentage point. b. Each 1 percentage point decline in interest rates stimulates $30 billion worth of new investment. c. The expenditure multiplier is two. d. The aggregate supply curve is so flat that prices do not rise noticeably when demand increases
Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits. To simplify the analysis, suppose the banking system has total reserves of $100. Determine the money multiplier and the money supply for each reserve requirement listed in the following table. Reserve Requirement Simple Money Multiplier Money Supply (Percent) (Dollars) 25 10 A lower reserve requirement is associated with a money supply. Suppose the Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply by $100. Again, you can assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency. If the reserve requirement is 10%, the Fed will use open-market operations to worth of U.S. government bonds. Now, suppose that, rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin holding some excess reserves due to uncertain economic conditions.…
In 2019, a Federal reserve publications stated: " The federal reserve can no longer effectively influence the FFR by small changes in the supply of reserves." Is this statement true? 1. No, since the 2007-2009 financial crises, the Fed has fixed the FFR to match the level of reserves held in the banking system. 2. Yes, since the 2007-2009 financial crises, banks have held substantial excess reserves so small changes in reserves by the Fed do not significantly influence the FFR 3. No, the FFR always reacts to the level of reserves, so any changes in reserves by the Fed will impact the FFR 4. Yes, since the 2007-2009 financial crises, banks have stopped holding excess reserves altogether so small changes in reserves have no impact on the FFR
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8. Consider a hypothetical economy with a nominal GDP of $1.2 trillion, real GDP of $600 billion, and money supply of $60 billion. Suppose commercial banks are required to maintain a reserve requirement of 10% of deposits. Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves. a) Calculate the money multiplier for this economy. If the central bank buys $1 billion of government bonds, what is the effect on money supply? Show your work. b) Using the quantity theory of money, calculate the price level and the velocity of money for this economy prior to central bank action. Show your work. c) Assume that velocity is constant and real GDP increases by 2% each year. What will happen to nominal GDP and the price level next year if money supply does not change? Show your work. d) In (c), what money supply should the central bank set next year to keep the price level unchanged? Show your work. e) In (c), what money supply should the central bank set next year if it wants inflation of 5%? Show your…
Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits. To simplify the analysis, suppose the banking system has total reserves of $200. Determine the money multiplier and the money supply for each reserve requirement listed in the following table. Reserve Requirement Simple Money Multiplier Money Supply (Percent) (Dollars) 25 10
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_______ is the most liquid measure of money supply
Suppose a central bank has a required reserve ratio of 6.6% for all banks and the central bank changes reserves at one of these banks by $536. By how much will the money supply change, at most, after all the effects of the money multiplier? (Round this to two digits after the decimal and enter this value as either a positive value or a negative value without the dollar sign.)
Assume we have an economy in which banks would hold 25% of their deposits as reserves. Initially, deposits are $7,000 and currency is $1,000. Now the central bank purchases $500 of bonds from the public, using new currency. a) Illustrate the first three rounds of deposit creation, assuming that public would like to continue to hold $1,000 of currency. PLEASE incorporate the fact that the central bank purchases $500 of bonds from the public, using new currency. b) What will money supply ultimately be in this case? c) Repeat the analysis in (a), but now assume that the public would like to hold a constant ratio of currency to deposits. Briefly explain why the two results are different.
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Suppose the Fed buys $2000000 in government securities from someone who is a depositor at the First National Bank of El Reno. Lets assume the person deposits this money in this bank. Further assume that the current reserve requirement ratio is 20%. Please indicate below what will initially happen to this bank's balance sheet as a result of this transaction. Change in Reserves Change in loans Change in deposits Please indicate what will eventually happen to the nation's banking system as a result of this transaction. Change in reserves Change in loans Change in Deposits

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