The mass on the end of a pendulum is 0.04 kg and hangs from a string of length 1.2 m. The pendulum is raised to point Q, which is 0.10 m above its lowest position, and released so that it oscillates between the points P and Q as shown below. On the figures below, draw free-body diagrams showing and labeling the forces acting on the bob in each of the situations described a) Calculate the speed v of the bob at its lowest position. b) Calculate the tension in the string when the bob is passing through its lowest position.

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Newton’s Third Law of Motion

The horse pulls the cart and the cart pulls the horse in response as per Newton third law. So the big question is, “Don’t the two forces cancel each other? How does the cart accelerate?”