The locus in a species of wild apples affects the redness of the fruit. There are two alleles, V1 and V2.  V2V2 individuals have a redness index of 10 on average, V1V2 individuals have a redness index of 12 on average, and V1V1 individuals have a redness index of 18 on average.   (a) Compute the additive (a) and dominance (d) effects of this locus.         (b) Compute the population mean spot number if V1 is at a frequency of 0.30.

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