The lap joint is connected by four rivets. Assuming that the axial load P = 30000 lb is distributed equally among the rivets, find the diameter of each rivet if the allowable working stresses are 16 ksi, 22 ksi and 12 ksi for shear stress of the rivets, bearing stress between the rivet and plate and tensile stress of the plate respectively. P 1-13 8 IN.

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Sizing Joists and Rafters

In civil engineering and building construction, joists and rafters are the major components including beams and columns. Almost every structural construction including buildings, skyscrapers, bridges, commercial complexes, and so on makes use of joists and rafters to provide structural integrity to the building. Joists are primarily thick long pieces of metals, concrete, or wood that are used to support the floor and ceiling. On the other hand, rafters form the major component of pitched roofs, which are a series of sloped long pieces extending from a ridged area that makes contact with the plane area of the wall. They account for the load-bearing of the building along with the beams.