The image shows the rate of an enzyme reaction under conditions of no inhibition, competitive inhibition, and noncompetitive inhibition as reactions labeled uninhibited, A, and B. Which of the following best explains what has occurred in the enzyme reactions?
The image shows the rate of an enzyme reaction under conditions of no inhibition, competitive inhibition, and noncompetitive inhibition as reactions labeled uninhibited, A, and B. Which of the following best explains what has occurred in the enzyme reactions?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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The image shows the rate of an enzyme reaction under conditions of no inhibition, competitive inhibition, and noncompetitive inhibition as reactions labeled uninhibited, A, and B. Which of the following best explains what has occurred in the enzyme reactions?
Reaction B shows competitive inhibition, where increased substrate competes with inhibitors for the active site.
Reaction A shows noncompetitive inhibition, where increased substrate competes with inhibitors for the active site.
Reaction A shows competitive inhibition, where increased substrate does not affect the enzyme’s binding with the inhibitor.
Reaction B shows noncompetitive inhibition, where increased substrate does not affect the enzyme’s binding with the inhibitor.
Transcribed Image Text:The graph presented illustrates the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme reactions. It contains three distinct curves representing different conditions of enzyme activity: uninhabited, inhibited A, and inhibited B.
**Axes:**
- The vertical axis is labeled "Rate of Enzyme Reaction."
- The horizontal axis is labeled "Substrate Concentration."
**Curves:**
1. **Uninhibited (Green Curve):** This curve demonstrates the enzyme reaction rate under normal conditions without any inhibitors present. It shows a standard hyperbolic increase in reaction rate with increasing substrate concentration, eventually reaching a plateau indicating maximum enzyme activity.
2. **Inhibited B (Blue Curve):** This curve represents enzyme activity under the influence of a competitive inhibitor. Initially, the rate of reaction is lower compared to the uninhibited state, but as substrate concentration increases, the rate approaches that of the uninhibited reaction. This suggests that the inhibitor effect can be overcome by high substrate concentration.
3. **Inhibited A (Orange Curve):** This curve showcases the enzyme activity under non-competitive inhibition. The overall rate of reaction is reduced compared to the uninhibited state, and increasing substrate concentration has little effect on the maximum rate achievable, indicating the inhibitor affects the enzyme independently of substrate concentration.
**Dashed Lines:**
- Two horizontal dashed lines indicate the maximum reaction rates (Vmax) attainable for the uninhibited and inhibited enzyme conditions. The uninhibited line is higher than the inhibited, highlighting the inhibitory effect on enzyme activity.
This graph effectively visualizes how different types of inhibition can impact enzyme kinetics, crucial for understanding enzyme regulation in biochemical processes.
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