The half value layer (HVL) of a material is defined as the thickness of the material needed to reduce the intensity of the incident x-raybeam to half its value. Assume that the x-ray beam is monochromatic, no scattering occurs and that material A (as shown in Figure 1) is.homogeneous and has a linear attenuation coefficient (u.). Material A has an HVL of 1.5 mm. Calculate the ratio l/lz as shown in Figure 1if x-5 mm.loHA=??2xFigure 1: Schematic diagram fr question 3.

In the given problem, a beam of monochromatic X ray beam of intensity Io is incident on a material…

Answered: The half value layer (HVL) of a…

Similar questions

What minimum accelerating voltage would be required to produce an x-ray with a wavelength of 70.0 pm?
Typical 10-fold intensity reduction values for X-ray radiation with energy 1 MeV are 30 cm for bone tissues, 20 cm for aluminum, 5 cm for lead. Find mass and linear attenuation coefficients if densities are 1.85 g/cm3, 2.70 g/cm3, 11.35 g/cm3, respectively.
For an ion source, the maximum half-angle of ion emission from the source is 13 milliradians. The source is biased to 9 kV and the aperture radius is 2.5 mm. Assuming uniform emission of the aperture and uniform distribution of particles over this range, what is the normalized emmitance from the source if the beam consist of ions 40 Ar 9+?
For a given beam current and target thickness, why would you expect a tungsten target to produce a higher x-ray intensity than targets of molybdenum or chromium?
I6
Ex. 35: Determine the wavelength of photon emitted which has an energy at 2.5 eV.
A Perspex (Lucite) phantom is used to calibrate a 6 MV photon beam. A cylindrical air ion chamber has a wall thickness (polystyrene) of 0.20 g/cm2 and an inner diameter of 5 mm. The ion chamber is placed at a depth of 5 cm in the phantom. The NxAion = 1.05 × 1010 R/C (T = 22 oC, P = 760 torr) for Co-60 for this chamber. Charge collected is 2.50 × 10-8C at P = 750 torr and T = 20.0 oC. The ion collection efficiency is 0.985. (a) Calculate the Ngas (Gy/C) for the chamber. (b) Calculate the absorbed dose (Gy) in Perspex at this depth. (c) What would be the absorbed dose (Gy) in water at approximately the same depth in a water phantom?
A NaI(Tl) detector is coupled to a photomultiplier tube having certain stages for electron multiplication. This detection system is used to detect g-rays of 1115 keV. The output circuit of photomultiplier has a capacitance of 250 pF. The average electron multiplication at each stage is 3. Assume light collection efficiency is unity, photocathode efficiency is 0.12 and 300 Ev energy is needed to create one photon and the amplitude of output pulse is 0.25 V. Find the number of multiplication stages in the photomultiplier.…[Ans. 10]
show all steps, please
Lead aprons are the primary radiation protective garments used by personnel during fluoroscopy. An apron with 0.25-mm thickness can attenuate approximately 50% of the X-ray radiation. Find linear and mass attenuation coefficients for lead, if it has density p =11.35 g/cm?.
You are asked to design a spectral filter that practically removes 99.0% of the low energy photons in an X-ray beam. Such photons contribute to the patient dose without contributing to the image and are defined as no more than 1% of these photons making it to the other side of the patient. Assume a patient can be modelled as a 20cm thick homogenous object with linear attenuation coefficients as shown below in Table 1. What is the thickness of the filter needed to eliminate all the energies which satisfy the above requirement? Filter linear attenuation properties are given below in Table 2. Table 1: Linear attenuation coefficients vs. energy of patient equivalent material Energy [keV] Habject (mm| 20 0.02601 30 0.02407 40 0.02303 50 60 0.02151 0.02013 Table 2: Linear attenuation coefficients vs. energy of filter material 60 0.06684 20 Energy (keV] Hrter (mm 30 40 50 70 0.1225 0.1067 0.0872 0.07541 0.06327
The linear absorption coefficient of 1 MeV X-rays in water is 7.06 m-1. How many times will the radiation intensity decrease in a 19.6 cm thick water layer?

SEE MORE QUESTIONS