The government has recently introduced a marketable permit program for major polluters where one permit gives permission to pollute one unit. When the program is introduced, Firm A emits 400 units of pollutant and so is granted 400 permits. After one year, firms are issued 25% fewer pollution permits. If Firm A reduces its pollutants from 400 units to 260 units, how many permits does it sell after one year?
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- Assume there are two polluting Firms A and B in the country with Marginal Costs of Pollution Abatement or Pollution Reduction MCA and MCB respectively. MCA < MCB. In the absence of any pollution policy each Firm is producing 200 tons of pollution. The government plans to cut down the total pollution by half. The government is considering two options: Option 1: Establish a standard obliging each Firm to cut down the pollution by half. Option 2: Allocate 100 pollution permits to each Firm, with each permit allowing 1 ton of pollution. These permits are tradable. a. Which of the two options you will recommend to the government? Why? Support your answer by drawing a figure justifying and explaining your choice. b. What are the inconveniences of such a choice at local level?ЕOC 11.04 Consider two car factories, one run by Ford and the other run by Honda, that both create pollution. The government wants to reduce how much these two factories pollute by 40 tons, so only allow factories to pollute if they have a permit. Each factory is given 20 pollution permits. A business can use a permit to emit one ton of pollution or they can sell it to another business (and lose the ability to pollute). To lower pollution it costs Ford $200 per ton of pollutant removed and it costs Honda $100 per ton removed. After Ford and Honda have met to trade their permits with each other, what we expect to happen? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. Honda emits 20 tons of pollutants and Ford emits 20 tons of pollutants. a Honda no longer pollutes and Ford does not lower how much it produces. Honda increases its pollution and Ford lowers its pollution. Ford no longer pollutes and Honda does not lower how much it…Firms in a polluting industry can be classified in two groups: newer firms with a cleaner technology that can abate pollution at a lower marginal cost MCLA = (1/2)aL and older firms with dirtier MCHA = aH, where ai is the level of abatement undertaken by firms of type i = L, H. The social marginal benefit of abating pollution from this particular industry is MBA= 120 - A, where A is the aggregate level of abatement in that industry. To design an efficient emissions standard, the government needs to determine which is the efficient abatement allocation (aL, aH). In order to do this, obtain a cost effective abatement allocation (aL, aH)that provides an aggregate abatement level A = aL + aH, and then proceed to determine the efficient level A (Hint: You should obtain that MCA = A=3)
- Save The market price of insecticide is initially $10 per unit. To address a negative externality in this market, the government decides to charge producers of insecticide for the privilege of polluting during the production K process. A fee that fully takes into account the social costs of pollution is determined, and once it is put into effect, the market supply curve for insecticide shifts upward by $8 per unit. The market price of insecticide also increases, to $12 per unit. What fee is the government charging insecticide manufacturers? $ (Enter a numeric response using an integer.)Firms in a polluting industry can be classified in two groups: newer firms with a cleaner technology that can abate pollution at a lower marginal cost MCLA = (1/2)aL and older firms with dirtier MCHA = aH, where ai is the level of abatement undertaken by firms of type i = L, H. The social marginal benefit of abating pollution from this particular industry is MBA= 120 - A, where A is the aggregate level of abatement in that industry. Suppose that in order to avoid the costly obtention of disaggregate information about individual firms' costs, the government just implements a uniform standard aui = A* / 2. Is this allocation efficient? If not, what is the deadweight loss?See below for three parts of Scenario 2 Scenario 2A. There are three firms, A;B; and C that produce electricity. The first two firms have the same per-megawatt cost of production equal to $2, while firm C has a per-megawatt cost of $1. The firms differ, however, in their pollution. Firms A;B; and C produce respectively 1, 2, and 3 cubic feet of carbon monoxide per megawatt produced. A cubic foot of carbon monoxide pollutes the environment, and has a social cost of $2.5. The demand for electricity is represented by the inverse demand function P (Mw) =100 - Mw, where Mw represents the megawatts consumed by the public. Suppose firms are not held accountable for the pollution they produce. Scenario 2B. Suppose now that the government can measure the amount of pollution issued by each firm, and suppose that the government constrains each firm to emit no more than 9 cubic feet of carbon monoxide. Scenario 2C Suppose that government allows firms to trade their permits to emit carbon…
- Suppose there are only two polluting firms, called A and B, with the following marginal abatement costs: 1602AA MACe=− and 100BB MACe=−, where A e represents firm A’s emissions in tons and B e represents firm B’s emissions in tons. Suppose the government wishes to ensure that the two firms together emit 60 tons of the pollutant and uses a Tradable Emission Permit (TEP) policy. Assume that each TEP allows its holder to emit 1 ton, and that the market for permits is perfectly competitive. a. Suppose the government initially distributes the total number of TEPs it issues equally between the two firms. The permits are distributed free of charge. Once trade in permits takes place, what will be the equilibrium in the market for TEPs (i.e. which firm will buy how many TEPs from the other, and at what price)? b. Briefly describe three problems of setting up a TEP market.See below for three parts of Scenario 2 Scenario 2A. There are three firms, A;B; and C that produce electricity. The first two firms have the same per-megawatt cost of production equal to $2, while firm C has a per-megawatt cost of $1. The firms differ, however, in their pollution. Firms A;B; and C produce respectively 1, 2, and 3 cubic feet of carbon monoxide per megawatt produced. A cubic foot of carbon monoxide pollutes the environment, and has a social cost of $2.5. The demand for electricity is represented by the inverse demand function P (Mw) =100 - Mw, where Mw represents the megawatts consumed by the public. Suppose firms are not held accountable for the pollution they produce. Scenario 2B. Suppose now that the government can measure the amount of pollution issued by each firm, and suppose that the government constrains each firm to emit no more than 9 cubic feet of carbon monoxide. Scenario 2C Suppose that government allows firms to trade their permits to emit carbon…A steel plant causes about 100 tons of pollution to be released for every 100 tons of steel. Every ton of pollution causes $4 worth of damage to the local town. The MC(Q)=27Q, What is the SMC(Q) for steel? O SMC(Q)=27Q+ 4Q O SMC(Q)=27Q+ 400 O SMC(Q)=27Q+ 4 O SMC(Q)=27Q+ 400Q
- Question 16 Suppose that flu shots create a positive externality equal to $12 per shot. What is the relationship between the private equilibrium quantity and the socially optimal quantity of flu shots produced? Group of answer choices They are equal. The private equilibrium quantity is greater than the socially optimal quantity. The private equilibrium quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity. There is not enough information to answer the question.Firms in a polluting industry can be classified in two groups: newer firms with a cleaner technology that can abate pollution at a lower marginal cost MCLA = (1/2)aL and older firms with dirtier MCHA = aH, where ai is the level of abatement undertaken by firms of type i = L, H. The social marginal benefit of abating pollution from this particular industry is MBA= 120 - A, where A is the aggregate level of abatement in that industry. What Pigouvian tax t will implement the efficient allocation (aL, aH)? Is the resulting allocation an efficient allocation? What is the government's tax revenue?The table below gives a firm's marginal benefit of each ton of pollution. there is no private cost of pollution. If the government implements a $30 per ton tax on pollution, the firm reduces its pollution by how many tons? (Your answer should be an integer greater than or equal to zero.) Ton MPB 1234567∞ $68 $56 $45 $35 $26 $18 $11 8 $5