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The following figure is a layer of sand (γ s a t=130 lb/ft3 ) in a tank of water. If point C is located at the middle of the soil layer, what is the effective stress at point C:  (a) when the valve is closed (there is no seepage) (b) when the valve is open (there is downward seepage)

The following figure is a layer of sand (γ s a t=130 lb/ft3 ) in a tank of water. If point C is located at the middle of the soil layer, what is the effective stress at point C:  (a) when the valve is closed (there is no seepage) (b) when the valve is open (there is downward seepage)

Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN:9781337630931
Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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The following figure is a layer of sand (γ s a t=130 lb/ft3 ) in a tank of water. If point C is located at the middle of the soil layer, what is the effective stress at point C: 

(a) when the valve is closed (there is no seepage)

(b) when the valve is open (there is downward seepage)

 

### Image Description: Sand Filtration System This diagram illustrates a sand filtration system designed for water treatment. Key components and measurements in the diagram are described below: 1. **Inflow Pipe:** - Located at the top left, an inflow pipe introduces water into the filtration tank. 2. **Filtration Tank:** - The tank contains a sand layer used to filter impurities from the water. - The total height of the sand layer is shown as 4.5 feet. 3. **Water Level Indicators:** - Point A is marked 3 feet below the top of the tank. - Point C is situated midway in the sand layer. - Point B is towards the bottom of the tank close to the outflow. 4. **Vertical Pipes:** - Two vertical pipes positioned on the right side are connected to the tank. - These pipes indicate the water levels, marked with a height of \( h = 1.5 \) feet. 5. **Outflow Pipe:** - Positioned at the bottom left of the tank, the outflow pipe allows filtered water to exit after passing through the sand. 6. **Valve:** - An open valve situated near the bottom controls water Outflow. ### Diagram Function: The diagram provides a visual representation of how water filtration occurs within a sand filter system: - Water enters through the inflow pipe and percolates downwards through the sand layer. - Impurities are trapped within the sand, resulting in cleaner water emerging from the bottom. - The vertical pipes and indicators help monitor the water levels within the tank, ensuring proper operation. The diagram is a useful educational tool for understanding the basic principles of sand filtration used in water treatment processes.
Transcribed Image Text:### Image Description: Sand Filtration System This diagram illustrates a sand filtration system designed for water treatment. Key components and measurements in the diagram are described below: 1. **Inflow Pipe:** - Located at the top left, an inflow pipe introduces water into the filtration tank. 2. **Filtration Tank:** - The tank contains a sand layer used to filter impurities from the water. - The total height of the sand layer is shown as 4.5 feet. 3. **Water Level Indicators:** - Point A is marked 3 feet below the top of the tank. - Point C is situated midway in the sand layer. - Point B is towards the bottom of the tank close to the outflow. 4. **Vertical Pipes:** - Two vertical pipes positioned on the right side are connected to the tank. - These pipes indicate the water levels, marked with a height of \( h = 1.5 \) feet. 5. **Outflow Pipe:** - Positioned at the bottom left of the tank, the outflow pipe allows filtered water to exit after passing through the sand. 6. **Valve:** - An open valve situated near the bottom controls water Outflow. ### Diagram Function: The diagram provides a visual representation of how water filtration occurs within a sand filter system: - Water enters through the inflow pipe and percolates downwards through the sand layer. - Impurities are trapped within the sand, resulting in cleaner water emerging from the bottom. - The vertical pipes and indicators help monitor the water levels within the tank, ensuring proper operation. The diagram is a useful educational tool for understanding the basic principles of sand filtration used in water treatment processes.
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