The following data (in picture) were reported in a 2004 Journal of the National Cancer Institute article on recent developments in the tobacco epidemiology story in regards to lung cancer morbidity associated with "involuntary smoking" (final author, Richard Doll). a. Based on Tobacco epidemiology, explain the findings in the table (picture) b. Identify 2 of Sir Austin Bradford Hill's "Criteria for Causation" that are illustrated in these data. Explain.
The following data (in picture) were reported in a 2004 Journal of the National Cancer Institute article on recent developments in the tobacco epidemiology story in regards to lung cancer morbidity associated with "involuntary smoking" (final author, Richard Doll). a. Based on Tobacco epidemiology, explain the findings in the table (picture) b. Identify 2 of Sir Austin Bradford Hill's "Criteria for Causation" that are illustrated in these data. Explain.
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The following data (in picture) were reported in a 2004 Journal of the National Cancer Institute article on recent developments in the tobacco epidemiology story in regards to lung cancer morbidity associated with "involuntary smoking" (final author, Richard Doll).
a. Based on Tobacco epidemiology, explain the findings in the table (picture)
b. Identify 2 of Sir Austin Bradford Hill's "Criteria for Causation" that are illustrated in these data. Explain.
Transcribed Image Text:Table 3. Relative risk (RR) of lung cancer among women who did not
smoke but who have the highest exposure to involuntary smoking from a
spouse who smoked compared with women who did not smoke and who had
spouses that did not smoke
Reference
Exposure
No. of cigarettes per day smoked by the spouse
220
>10
221
221
>18
220
>20
20
>20
241
2:20
2:40
2:31
Garfinkel (1981) (57)
Kabat et al. (1995) (58)
Humble et al. (1987) (59)
Koo et al. (1987) (60)
Boffetta et al. (1998) (61)
Wang et al. (1996) (62)
Zhong et al. (1999) (63)
Jee et al. (1999) (64)
Du et al. (1993) (65)
Kalandidi et al. (1990) (66)
Hirayama (1984) (67)
Cardenas et al. (1997) (68)
Trichopoulos et al. (1983) (69)
Akiba et al. (1986) (70)
Garfinkel et al. (1985) (71)
Lam et al. (1987) (17)
Geng et al. (1988) (72)
Liu et al. (1993) (73)
Pershagen et al. (1987) (74)
Inoue and Hirayama (1988) (75)
Buffler et al. (1984) (76)
Sun et al. (1996) (77)
Boffetta et al. (1998) (61)
Cardenas et al. (1997) (68)
Wang et al. (1996) (62)
Zhong et al. (1999) (63)
Du et al. (1993) (65)
Fontham et al. (1994) (78)
Akiba et al. (1986) (70)
Zaridze et al. (1998) (79)
Gao et al. (1987) (80)
Kalandidi et al. (1990) (66)
Wu et al. (1985) (81)
Humble et al. (1987) (59)
Choi et al. (1989) (82)
Stockwell et al. (1992) (83)
2:30
220
21
220
No. of years of marriage to a smoker
233
Jee et al. (1999) (64)
Geng et al. (1988) (72)
220
≥20
168
2:35
2:43
2:30
241
236
230
231
2:40
>15
240
2:40
231
2:27
241
2:40
2:30
240
RR (95% CI)
1.1 (0.8 to 1.6)
1.1 (0.5 to 2.3)
1.2 (0.3 to 5.2)
1.2 (0.5 to 3.0)
1.3 (0.8 to 2.2)
1.4 (0.8 to 2.6)
1.4 (0.7 to 2.6)
1.5 (0.7 to 3.3)
1.6 (0.8 to 3.2)
1.6 (0.5 to 4.6)
1.7 (1.1 to 2.7)
1.9 (1.0 to 3.6)
$For 230 years of marriage.
Years of exposure for adults (partner and workplace).
1.9 (0.7 to 5.0)
2.1 (1.7 to 2.6)
2.1 (1.1 to 4.0)
2.1 (1.1 to 4.0)
2.8 (1.9 to 4.1)
2.9 (1.2 to 7.3)
3.2 (1.0 to 9.5)
3.4 (1.2 to 9.7)
0.9 (0.4 to 2.3)
0.9 (0.5 to 1.7)
1.0 (0.7 to 1.7)
1.1 (0.6 to 2.1)
1.1 (0.4 to 3.1)
1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)
1.2 (0.6 to 2.3)
1.2 (0.9 to 1.7)
1.3 (0.6 to 2.8)
1.4 (1.0 to 2.1)
1.7 (1.0 to 2.9)
1.9 (0.8 to 4.3)
2.0 Not available
2.1 (0.7 to 6.9)
23 (1.0 to 5.6)
2.4 (1.1 to 5.3)
3.1 (1.4 to 6.6)
3.3 (2.1 to 5.2)
*The relative risks are rahked from lowest to highest within each measure of
exposure.
+Rate ratios for cohort studies and odds ratios for case-control studies.
Results are from an analysis using non-tumor controls.
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