The following cross-tabulation, based on GSS18SSDS-B data, examines the relationship between age (the independent variable) and presidential candidate one voted for in the 2016 U.S. presidential election (dependent variable). Notice we have recoded age into four categories: 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–59. Respondents of all other ages have been excluded from the analysis.   Vote Clinton or Trump * RE_AGE Crosstabulation   RE_AGE 18–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 Total Vote Clinton or Trump Clinton Count 65 96 77 78 316 % within RE_AGE 65.7% 61.1% 53.8% 45.6% 55.4% Trump Count 19 42 55 86 202 % within RE_AGE 19.2% 26.8% 38.5% 50.3% 35.4% Other candidate (specify) Count 12 17 10 5 44 % within RE_AGE 12.1% 10.8% 7.0% 2.9% 7.7% Didn’t vote for president Count 3 2 1 2 8 % within RE_AGE 3.0% 1.3% 0.7% 1.2% 1.4% Total Count 99 157 143 171 570 % within RE_AGE 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Which is the independent variable? What is the level of measurement for the independent variable and the dependent variable ?

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The following cross-tabulation, based on GSS18SSDS-B data, examines the relationship between age (the independent variable) and presidential candidate one voted for in the 2016 U.S. presidential election (dependent variable). Notice we have recoded age into four categories: 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–59. Respondents of all other ages have been excluded from the analysis.

 

Vote Clinton or Trump * RE_AGE Crosstabulation

 

RE_AGE

18–29

30–39

40–49

50–59

Total

Vote Clinton or Trump

Clinton

Count

65

96

77

78

316

% within RE_AGE

65.7%

61.1%

53.8%

45.6%

55.4%

Trump

Count

19

42

55

86

202

% within RE_AGE

19.2%

26.8%

38.5%

50.3%

35.4%

Other candidate (specify)

Count

12

17

10

5

44

% within RE_AGE

12.1%

10.8%

7.0%

2.9%

7.7%

Didn’t vote for president

Count

3

2

1

2

8

% within RE_AGE

3.0%

1.3%

0.7%

1.2%

1.4%

Total

Count

99

157

143

171

570

% within RE_AGE

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

  1. Which is the independent variable?
  2. What is the level of measurement for the independent variable and the dependent variable ?
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