▪ The disorder in a solid is greater than that in a liquid. (✓ or X ) ▪ The tendency of a process to occur naturally is called equilibrium. (✓or X ) ▪ A spontaneous change happens unidirectional or in one way. For a reverse change to occur, work always has to be done. (✓or X) ■ For a spontaneous change to occur, time is not a factor. A spontaneous reaction can be a rapid or very slow reaction. (✓ or X ) ■ If the system is not in the equilibrium, a spontaneous change is unavoidable. The change will continue until the system reaches the state of equilibrium. (✓ or X ) ■ Thermal heat transfers between cold and hot reservoirs in both directions. (✔ or X ) ■ Absolute zero kelvin is attainable. (✓or X )

▪ The disorder in a solid is greater than that in a liquid. (✓ or X ) ▪ The tendency of a process to occur naturally is called equilibrium. (✓or X ) ▪ A spontaneous change happens unidirectional or in one way. For a reverse change to occur, work always has to be done. (✓or X) ■ For a spontaneous change to occur, time is not a factor. A spontaneous reaction can be a rapid or very slow reaction. (✓ or X ) ■ If the system is not in the equilibrium, a spontaneous change is unavoidable. The change will continue until the system reaches the state of equilibrium. (✓ or X ) ■ Thermal heat transfers between cold and hot reservoirs in both directions. (✔ or X ) ■ Absolute zero kelvin is attainable. (✓or X )

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Consider the following chemical equation for which the enthalpy of reaction equals +26.9 kJ. 2 ICI(g) 12(g) + Cl2(g) At 25 °C, Kp = 5.0 x 10-6. If the temperature is increased to 35.0 °C, what changes (if any) will be observed? O a. Kp will remain unchanged. O b. Kp will increase. O c. [12] will decrease. O d. Kp will decrease. O e. [ICI] will increase.
Σ *00 For a particular reaction, AH = 81.95 kJ and AS = 27.0 J/K. Calculate AG for this reaction at 298 K. AG = %3D What can be said about the spontaneity of the reaction at 298 K? O The system is spontaneous in the reverse direction. O The system is at equilibrium. O The system is spontaneous as written. 8:12 PH (口四< 11/8/20 F5 F8 F12 PrtScr Insert Delete Backspace $4 % 8. 5. 7. 24 Alt Ctri
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A student dissolves 11.0 g of ammonium chloride (NH, CI) in 200. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water fall from 20.0 °C to 16.8 °C over the course of 6 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: NH,CI(s) NH (aq) + Cl (aq) db You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to the correct number of significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. O exothermic Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? O endothermic O neither If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. kJ kJ…
A student dissolves 10.9 g of ammonium chloride (NH,Cl) in 200. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. She then observes the temperature of the water fall from 20.0 °C to 16.1 °C over the course of 3.8 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: NH,CI (s) → NH (aq) + Cl¯(aq) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to the correct number of significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. Ar exothermic Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? endothermic neither If you said the rea heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. I kJ ion was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of kJ…
A student dissolves 11.8 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)in 250. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. She then observes the temperature of the water rise from 20.0 °C to 33.6 °C over the course of 8 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: NaOH(s) Na (aq) + OH (ag) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to the correct number of significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. Calculate the reaction enthalpy AH per mole of NaOH. O…
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Which one of the following reactions cannot proceed spontaneously as written at any temperature? Assume that ΔH°rxn does not depend on temperature. A. 2Cl2O(g) → 2Cl2(g) + O2(g) ΔH°rxn = –151 kJ B. 3O2(g) → 2O3(g) ΔH°rxn = +284 kJ C. COCl2(g) → CO(g) + Cl2(g) ΔH°rxn = +112 kJ D. 2C(s) + 2S(s) + O2(g) → 2COS(g) ΔH°rxn = –137 kJ E. N2O4(g) → 2NO2(g) ΔH°rxn = +171 kJ
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Below what temperature does the following reaction become nonspontaneous? 2 HNO3(aq) + NO(g) → 3 NO2(g) + H2O(l) ΔH = +136.5 kJ; ΔS = +287.5 J/K A) 39.2 K B) 151 K C) 475 K D) 501 K
For the reaction: H₂O(l) 2NH3(g) + CO2(g) = (NH2)2CO(s) + ΔΗ = – 330 kJ == Predict how each of the following changes would impact a reaction that is currently at equilibrium. That is, which way would the reaction progress in order to respond to the change in the system to regain equilibrium (use arrows to show the direction of change that would occur to return back to equilibrium). Explain your reasoning for each part.
A student dissolves 12.3 g of potassium chloride (KCI)in 250. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water fall from 22.0 °C to 19.6 °C over the course of 5.9 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: olo Ar KCI(s) K* (aq) + CI (aq) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to the correct number of significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. exothermic Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? endothermic neither If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. |kJ kJ Calculate…