The diagram below shows the results of density-gradient centrifugation of DNA extracted from generations 0, 1 and 2 as carried out by Meselson and Stahl. generation generation 1 generation
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- You have a strain of Neurospora that is unable to synthesize histidine and thus requires H in the media in order to grow. You have isolated one revertant colony. Predict the expected proportion of the progeny that would be h+ if you cross the colony with the original mutant colony and the reversion occurred by each of the following mechanisms: Precise change of the mutated base back to its original base. A suppressor gene is mutated on a different chromosome A suppressor gene is mutated on the same chromosome but 10mu distant from the mutated gene. The mutant colony is crossed to a wild-type Neurospora colony and the following data are collected. 95% of all asci scored are h+ but 5% are h-. Which mechanism in part a is consistent with these data? Explain why and what has happened on a molecular level.clones produced from the same organism are found to exhibit slightly different physical traits. what is most likely reason for thisAn Hfr strain that is hisE+ and pheA+ was mixed with a strain thatis hisE− and pheA−. The conjugation was interrupted and the percentageof recombinants for each gene was determined by streakingon a medium that lacked either histidine or phenylalanine. Thefollowing results were obtained:Determine the map distance (in minutes) between these twogenes.
- An Hfr strain that is hisE+ and pheA+ was mixed with a strain thatis hisE− and pheA−. The conjugation was interrupted and the percentageof recombinants for each gene was determined by streakingon a medium that lacked either histidine or phenylalanine. Thefollowing results were obtained:It was found that hisE is 4 minutes away from pabB. The gene pheA was shown to be 17 minutes from pabB. Draw a genetic map describing the locations of all three genes.An interrupted mating study is carried out on Hfr strains 1, 2, and 3. After conjugation is established, a small sample of the mixture is collected every minute for 20 minutes to determine the distance between the genes on the chromosome. Times of entry for each of the three Hfr strains studied in the interrupted mating are provided in parenthesis. The total duration of conjugation (in minutes) is given for each transferred gene. Hfr Strain Genes Transferred Hfr 1 oriT(0) met(2) ala(8) lac(13) gal(17) Hfr 2 oriT(0) met(2) leu(7) thr(10) azi(17) Hfr 3 oriT (0) gal(3) pro(8) trp(14) azi(19) Hfr 4 oriT leu met ala lac Hfr 5 oriT trp azi thr leu a. Use the data to construct a circular map of the bacterium.An Hfr strain of E. coli that is pro * thr leu * lac was "mated" with an F- strain that is pro thr leu lac. Conjugation was interrupted at 10, 13, 17, and 21 minutes with a kitchen blender, and the % occurrence of donor alleles in F- recombinants was determined at each time point (by replica plating cells on minimal media plates that lacked proline, threonine, leucine, or lactose). The data shown below were obtained. % occurrence pro" % occurrence thr* % occurrence leu* % occurrence lac+ Minutes phenotype phenotype phenotype phenotype 10 6. 13 318 1 20 17 41 11 2 29 21 45 18 10 36 What is the order of these four genes on the bacterial chromosome, starting from the origin? Please write your answer as genes separated by dashes, e.g., thr-leu-lac-pro.
- Cap, EA1, and Sap are all genes/proteins of interest in this study. For each gene, what gene product is encoded and where is the gene (the literal DNA sequence) located physically in the cell? I need help fimiding this in the artticle and answer as short as possible https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/Four Hfr strains are derived from an F+ strain of E. Coli to serve as donors for an interrupted-mating experiment. Use the time-table and partial map of the F+ strain (shown below) to determine the genes’ respective positions. Keep in mind that the map distances are NOT proportional, only the FIRST 5 markers are indicated per strain, and the entry times, recorded in minutes, are in parentheses. Transferred genes represent wild-type alleles. Based on the data, which gene can be located at position 5 on the map?c) Explain the centrifugation pattern, with reference to heavy (N5) and light (N) nitrogen- containing DNA, of: (O generation D () generation 1 generat 2.
- Why is the company Qiagen has more refined DNA extraction steps than a normal Strawberry DNA extraction practical? Summary of Qiagen DNA extraction steps Add ATL buffer and grind with sample. Add 20 microliters of enzyme Proteinase K to degrade protein into a 1.5-2ml microcentrifuge tube. Add 200 microlitres AL lysis buffer, and mix by vortexing for 5–10 seconds, which breaks cell membrane allowing DNA to be released. Incubate the sample at 56 degrees for 10 minutes. Mix the cell lysate with 200 microlitres ethanol by pipetting it at the side of the microcentrifuge wall so DNA precipitates. The DNA forms a white layer and the remaining liquid is discarded. Pipet the mixture into DNeasy Mini spin column placed in a 2 ml collection tube. Centrifuge for a minute at 8000 rpm. Place the mini spin column into a 2 ml collection tube, add 500 µl Buffer AW1, and centrifuge for 1 min at 8000 rpm. Then add it to a new 2 ml collection tube (provided), add 500 µl Buffer AW1, and centrifuge for 1…STEP BY STEP Exaplanation would be appreciated so I can understand for upcomming exam. In humans, the COL1A1 locus codes for a collagen protein found in bone. A recessive COLA1 allele believed to reduce bone density and increase risk of fractures differs from the wild type allele by the presence a GT in the first intron of the gene. This mutation can be easily screened by PCR, using COL1A1-specific primers followed restriction enzyme digest of the product with MscI. The normal allele is denoted as G and the recessive allele as T. A recent study of 894 women found that 570 were GG, 291 were GT and 33 were TT. (Assume for this exercise that these values reflect both male and female values for the sampled population. What are the frequencies of each allele? What are the frequencies of each genotype? c. Is this locus in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Use the table below to evaluate the significance of any deviation from H-W expectations.E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interference