The condensation reaction catalyzed by ß-ketoacyl-ACP synthase synthesizes a four-carbon unit by combining a two-carbonunit and a three-carbon unit, with the release of CO₂.What is the thermodynamic advantage of this process over one that simply combines two two-carbon units?The reaction is reversible and does not require the input of ATP.The exergonic release of CO₂ drives the irreversible reaction in the direction of fatty acid synthesis.The release of CO₂ is endergonic and results in the production of ATP.The reaction is endergonic and requires the input of ATP.

Malonyl CoA is formed from carboxylation of Acetyl CoA through an ATP consuming process by biotin…

Answered: The condensation reaction catalyzed by…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Cellular Respiration and Fermentation cellular respiration can occur with (aerobic) or without (anaerobic) the presence of oxygen. Briefly differentiate between the two processes, including the reactants and products of both and the relative energy yield. Under what condition might our own cells use anaerobic respiration and why? Describe an example where humans commercially utilize anaerobic respiration; be specific about the purpose, the organisms used and the products.
Give all the reactions that will produce ATP either by substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) or by oxidative phosphorylation (OP). If the given require a shuttle system, please indicate both MA shuttle and GP shuttle and give the ATP produced. Given: glucose 6-phosphate to 2succinly CoA
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. However, in the absence of oxygen the Kreb’s cycle does not work either. Why does the Kreb cycle not proceed without oxygen when oxygen plays no direct part in its sequence of biochemical reactions? Hint: think of oxidation and reduction of electron carriers.
Describe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are determined using its formula. In addition, you should explain what those factors are including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, resistance, a-vO2 difference, etc. Describe how many ATPs can be generated by complete cycles of beta oxidation of free fatty acid with 20 carbons. You should indicate how many cycles of beta oxidation and Krebs cycle, and total number of products as well
Give all the reactions that will produce ATP either by substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) or by oxidative phosphorylation (OP). If the given require a shuttle system, please indicate both MA shuttle and GP shuttle and give the ATP produced. Given: fructose 6-phosphate to 2pyruvate
In the krebs cycle, if the enzyme used succinate dehydrogenase used NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, what impact would it have on the overall production of ATP in the call?
Assume that 2.5 ATPs are generated per NADH and 1.5 ATPs per FADH2. How many ATPs are generated from the FADH2 and NADH molecules from each repetition of the ββbeta-oxidation pathway? Express your answer as an integer.
The coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+ are important electron carriers that pick up electrons from one pathway and deliver them to another. Below is a list of pathways or enzyme complexes that we have covered in class. Indicate which coenzyme these pathways or complexes produce by writing NAD+, NADP+, NADH or NADPH in the blank provided. ________ glycolysis ________ citric acid cycle ________ alcoholic fermentation ________ pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ________ gluconeogenesis ________ mitochondrial electron transport ________ photosynthesis light reactions ________ photosynthesis dark reactions
The reduction potentials of iron in each of the cytochromes in the electron transport complexesvary from 0.The reduction potentials of iron in each of the cytochromes in the electron transport complexes vary from 0.1 V to 0.39 V. Explain why these different values are necessary for the operation of this process
Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without reducing the pyruvate from glycolysis into another compound, most commonly to lactate or to ethanol plus CO2. Which of the following provides the best explanation for sustaining anaerobic glycolysis? O Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NADH Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NADH Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+ Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+
Describe the energy transformation steps that occur within an electron transport chain during the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Please include a drawing of the explanation as well.
Describe redox reactions involved in the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration under the following topics: 1. Description of the two coenzymes NAD and FAD and link them to each enzyme in glycolysis; pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle using the backpack analogy that I described in class. (20%) 2. Describe energy harvesting of the electrons and hydrogens carried by the coenzymes in the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis using the battery analogy I described in class. (20%) 3. Describe the steps of DNA replication in bacteria as shown in our slides emphasizing the need for the Okazaki fragments (20%) 4. Describe RNA transcription emphasizing the two strands of DNA and the orientation of mRNA (20%) 5. Describe mRNA translation emphasizing the role of ribosomes and tRNA for two amino acids (20%)

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