The concentration of potassium ions inside a nerve cell membrane is higher than the concentration of sodium ions outside the mem-brane, yet the inside of the membrane (where the cation concentra-tion is higher) is negative to the outside. Explain this observation in terms of permeability properties of the membrane.

Q: A graded potential that achieves threshold leads to the generation of an action potential. Which one…

A: Graded potentials are made by outside stimuli in sensory neurons or by neurotransmitters discharged…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding action potentials is false? Na+ channel inactivation is…

A: 1. Na+ channel inactivation is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore.This is true.…

Q: Read the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and…

A: B and C

Q: Predict the effect of a reduced extracellular concentration of Na+ on themagnitude of the action…

A: When a membrane's resting potential experiences a sudden, fast, and propagative change, it is…

Q: In certain diseases, such as kidney failure, the Na+ concentration in thebody’s extracellular fluid…

A: Kidneys are vital for maintaining the balance of nutrients and minerals in the blood plasma. Renal…

Q: Draw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion…

A: An action potential (AP) occurs when the membrane potential of a particular cell position rises…

Q: excitatory and 15 inhibitory postsynaptic potentials appear simultaneously on the plasmatic membrane…

A: EPSP is the excitatory postsynaptic potential. This is the graded potential whose function is to…

Q: in neurons when cl- influx into the axoplasm through chloride channel, hyperpolarization could…

A: Neurons conduct electrical impulse by using action potential, which is generated through flow of…

Q: What happens to Na+ when a neuron is stimulated on its dendrite? Why does the movement of Na+ raise…

A: When different ions cross the neuron membrane action potentials is  induced. A stimulus first…

Q: Describe the events that must occur to generate an AP. Relate the sequence of changes in…

A: The action potential is a quick increase and succeeding fall in membrane potential or voltage across…

Q: if you inject current into the middle of an axon by using an intracellular electrode you will get…

A: A neuron transfers information out of the cell's body through an axon, resulting in an action…

Q: What is the role of maximal potassium conductance in the generation and propagation of action…

A: An action potential is an electrical signal that travels along the membrane of a neuron. It is…

Q: The figure below may help in answering some of the questions. 1. What ions are flowing (and in which…

A: The neurons are the cells of nervous system that is responsible for generation and transmission of…

Q: The sodium-potassium pump is really important to the functioning of neurons. (a) What does it do?…

A: The neurons in the nervous system have the capability of producing and conducting electrical…

Q: If extracellular [Na1] is elevated, how would the resting potential and action potential of a neuron…

A: The nervous framework is a profoundly intricate piece of a creature that facilitates its actions and…

Q: Hyperpolarization is defined as an increase in membrane potential toward zero.

A: Hyperpolarization occurs when the membrane potential becomes more negative at a particular spot on…

Q: Given that tissue A has significantly more K+ leak ion channels thantissue B, which tissue has the…

A: Resting membrane potential is considered a product of the ion distribution across the membrane and…

Q: High Potassium can cause the symptoms seen in hyperkalemia. What about low potassium, known as…

A: Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by decreased levels of potassium ions in blood. The normal…

Q: Describe the distribution of voltage gated ion channels in the nodes of Ranvier-vs-trigger zone/axon

A: Voltage gated ion channels are multi-subunit protein complexes that respond to changes in membrane…

Q: Explain the conditions that give rise to the resting membrane potential.

A: Different organ systems work in a coordinated manner to maintain optimum body functioning. The…

Q: Which of the following occurs at this point of the membrane potential (marked by the black arrow) in…

A: There are 4 phases of cardiac conduction. Phase 0 is the depolarization state where the sodium…

Q: What is the membrane threshold and describe its role with grade potential's in action potential's

A: Neurons are responsible for the electromagnetic conduction of the signals in the form of stimulus.…

Q: Membrane permeability at the falling phase of an action potential is dominated by: O Co-transporters…

A: The neurons send signals over long distances by generating and propagating action potentials over…

Q: What are the roles of membrane fluidity in neuron function with regards to metabotropic mechanism(s)…

A: Neuron: A neuron is a specialized type of cell that is the basic unit of the nervous system. Neurons…

Q: The resting membrane potential is a negative value because of:

A: The resting potential of a neuron is constrained by the distinction in complete charge between…

Q: The action potential is split into 4 parts (A-D). For each part, 1. Describe what stimulated the…

A: Action potential - It is defined as a sudden temporary shift of rising or falling in membrane…

Q: Based upon the changes in permeability seen in the trace below and your knowledge of ion…

A: This is the graph which shows how a stimulus can arouse an action potential from a resting membrane…

Q: A membrane potential (Vm) labeled axis on the graph In the graph draw the phases of the action…

A: Introduction  Action potentials, those electrical impulses that go throughout your body, are nothing…

Q: Describe the events of an action potential in terms of ions and gates or channels beginning with the…

A: ACTION POTENTIAL is electrical impulse required to bring about the response to a stimulus.  For the…

Q: Sodium-Potassium Pumps (N+/K+ ATPase) are fundamental to your body’s physiological function. What is…

A: The sodium-potassium pump, or Na+/K+ ATPase is a critical mechanism for maintaining the…

Q: Is the resting membrane potential the bases of conduction in nerves and muscle fibers and the…

A: Membrane potential is the difference in the electric potential between the internal and the external…

Q: Which of the following factors are important in the establishment of the membrane potential at -70…

A: Resting Membrane potential is defined as the electrical potential difference of voltage across the…

Q: Explain why alterations in potassium concentrations have more powerful effects on membrane resting…

A: The plasma membrane of almost every cell in the body maintains a resting potential. However the…

Q: Consider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential,…

A: Cells are in resting membrane potential due to the differential ion concentrations inside and…

Q: Describe leak ion channels and gated ion channels. Howare they responsible for the permeability of a…

A: Ion channels may be classified by gating, i.e. what opens and closes the channels. For example,…

Q: what is the role of (1) electrochemical gradient created by ions, (2) permeability of the membrane…

A: There are a lot of ions present inside  and outside the cell. From time to time these ions adjust…

Q: A change in membrane potential which is due to ion influx or efflux in a single region with the ions…

A: Membrane potential is a key aspect of cellular function and cell-to-cell signaling, and thereby…

Q: Action potentials are “all or none.” Discuss this statement with reference to specific types of…

A: Action potential is generated due to the change in the potential of the resting membrane resulting…

Q: apuc receptors ava ble at the synapse are reflected in this number. Question 2: In this chapter, we…

A: Introduction: GABAB receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that activate Gi/o-type proteins to…

Q: What happens to the resting membrane potential if the extracellular K' concentration is increased.…

A:

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.