The complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water has a Δ G of -2870 kJ/mol glucose. Aerobic respiration captures about 930 kJ of this energy. What happens to the rest of the energy? Question 34 options: it is used for the chemiosmotic pumping of protons it is lost as heat and an increase in entropy it Is used in active transport it is used to synthesize NADH it is used for substrate-level phosphorylation

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A:

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.