The citric acid cycle includes a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur in the mitochondria and makes up the third stage of the catabolism ofbiomolecules. Answer the following questions. Use comma to separate the names of each intermediate where applicable.Part 1 of 2Which intermediate(s) in the citric acid cycle contain(s) two chirality centers?0,0,...Part 2 of 2×Which intermediate(s) contain(s) a 2° alcohol?3,0,...

Part 1:The intermediate in the citric acid cycle that contains two chirality centers is Isocitrate.A…

Answered: The citric acid cycle includes a series…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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For each step of the citric acid cycle, name the enzyme responsible for the chemical transformation that occurs and classify the enzyme type: Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. Step 5. Step 6. Step 7. Step 8. i. oxidoreductase (oxidases, reductases, dehydrogenases) ii. transferase (transaminases, kinses) iii. hydrolase (lipases, proteases, nucleases, carbohydrases, phosphateses) iv. lyase (dehydratase, decarboxylase, deaminase, hydratase) v. isomerase (racemases, mutases) vi. ligase (synthetases, carboxylaces) Enzyme Name Enzyme Type
Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)
a) What carbon-containing molecule exits the citric acid cycle? Why doesn’t your body capture the carbon-containing molecule you identified in part (a) and use that molecule to build new sugars and fats? Explain your answer. You have just created a new enzyme that will make the citric acid cycle more efficient! Instead of the citric acid cycle taking 8 steps, all of the bonds between the carbon atoms will be broken in only one step! Is this a good idea? Explain your answer.
The citric acid cycle is a cyclical Metabolic pathway located in the chloroplast. true or false?
In the citric acid cycle, the starting molecule is and the output molecule is
One consequence of ethanol addiction is fatty liver disease, an illness in which liver cells accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerols, the esters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Ethanol is oxidized in the cytoplasm of liver cells by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase to yield acetate and 2 NADH. Acetate is then transported into the mitochondrion, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA and metabolized in the citric acid cycle. When alcohol is consumed in excessive quantities, the resulting high levels of NADH cause metabolic abnormalities, one of which is high levels of fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthesis, also a cytoplasmic process, uses acetyl-CoA as a substrate and NADPH as a reducing agent. Speculate about how a high level of cytoplasmic NADH provides a source of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis.
An investigator briefly incubates an actively respiring bacterial culture with [1-14 C]glucose and isolates the glycolytic and citric acid cycle intermediates. Where is 14 C located in each of the intermediates listed? Consider only the initial incorporation of 14C in the first pass of labeled glucose through the pathways. fructose 1,6-bisphosphate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate phosphoenolpyruvate acetyl-CoA citrate ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ a-ketoglutarate oxaloacetate Answer Bank C-4 C-1 C-3 C-2
What is the reduction potential (DE) for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase if the citric acid cycle is fluxing? To get the answer scored correctly: Please report the answer to three decimal places. Example: 0.123 or -0.111 Do not include units.
The following incorrect description of the HMS path is () A, 6-P-glucose can be converted into pentose phosphate through this pathway B. Four-carbon and seven-carbon sugars can be provided through this route C. For every mole of carbon dioxide produced when 6-P-glucose is converted to pentose phosphate, it also produces 1 mole of NADPH D, 6-P-glucose is decomposed in this way without consumption of ATP Among the following enzyme-catalyzed reactions that can generate substrate level phosphorylation to generate GTP are () A, hexokinase B, enolase C, succinate thiokinase D, succinate dehydrogenase The limiting factor of fatty acid synthesis in cell fluid is (). A, condensation enzyme B, hydration enzyme C, lipoacyl group transferase D, acetyl-CoA carboxylase Which of the following amino acids is an essential amino acid? () A.Thr B.Lys C.Met D.Arg
When the cells of our body are in dire need to synthesize Ribose 5 phosphate and it has already enough supply of NADPH, reverse non oxidative pathway of the HMP shunt pathway takes place. If the cell has 10 glucose 6 phosphate molecules, how many of these would be converted to Fructose 6 phosphate and how many to form glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate respectively to synthesize maximum number of Ribose 5 phosphate? 8:2 2:8 4:6 6:4

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