The boiling points of several cyclic alkanes and ethers are listed in the table shown here. For small rings, there is a significant difference in boiling points between the cyclic alkane and the cyclic ether (e.g., – 76 °C vs. 10.7 °C), but for large rings, the boiling points are nearly the same (e.g., 80.7 °C vs. 88 °C). Explain. Сyclic Boiling Point (°C) Boiling Point (°C) Сyclic Alkane Ether -76 10.7 -13 50 49 66 80.7 88

The boiling points of several cyclic alkanes and ethers are listed in the table shown here. For small rings, there is a significant difference in boiling points between the cyclic alkane and the cyclic ether (e.g., – 76 °C vs. 10.7 °C), but for large rings, the boiling points are nearly the same (e.g., 80.7 °C vs. 88 °C). Explain. Сyclic Boiling Point (°C) Boiling Point (°C) Сyclic Alkane Ether -76 10.7 -13 50 49 66 80.7 88

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Cyclohexane derivatives exist primarily in the most stable of the available chair conformations. Give the position, axial or equatorial, of each of the three groups shown when the ring is in the most stable chair conformation. If a group divides its time equally between axial and equatorial positions, indicate this with ax/eq. The table of "Axial Strain Energies for Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes" found in the "Strain Energy Increments" section of the Reference tool is useful for answering this question. CHO (CH₂)₂CH Group a is Group bis Group cis Submit Answer 8 8 8 Retry Entire Group 8 more group attempts remaining
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8. The heat of combustion (per CH₂) of several cycloalkanes is listed below. Based on the data given, which of these cycloalkanes would be considered most stable? Heat of combustion (kJ/CH₂) -686.5 -664.0 -663.6 -659.0 (A) cyclobutane (C) cyclooctane Cycloalkane cyclobutane cyclopentane cyclooctane cyclopentadecane (B) cyclopentane (D) cyclopentadecane
Refer to the list of compounds shown below when answering questions 5(a) to 5(e). Assume that the temperature (20 oC) is the same for all compounds. a.) A mixture of structures II and IV has a 12% excess of structure II. How much of structure II is in the mixture? (b) A mixture of structures II and IV has a 28% excess of structure II. How much of structure IV is in the mixture? (c)) Determine the optical purity of a mixture containing 40% structure I and 60% structure III. (d) A mixture of structures I and III gives an observed rotation of +13.6o. If the specific rotation of a pure sample of structure I is +31.3 o, what is the optical purity of the mixture? (e) A pure sample of structure IV has a specific rotation of +16.1o. If the ee of a mixture of structures II and IV is 25.0 %, what is the observed rotation (α) of the solution?
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4. A hydrocarbon of unknown structure (ooh, you're gonna LOVE OCII!!!) has the molecular formula C3H10. When treated with rhodium during catalytic hydrogenation, three molar equivalents of hydrogen are absorbed. When this unknown hydrocarbon is treated with CACO3 and H2/Rh, only ONE molar equivalent of hydrogen is absorbed. a. Draw two structures for this unknown that fits the data given. b. Are there rings present? c. Any double/triple bonds? d. How many degrees of unsaturation does this unknown have? e. Could it possess a BENZENE ring, which IS unsaturated AND has a RING...
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4. Which of the following has a higher boiling point? Explain your answer:(a) 2-propanol or 2-butanol(b) Dimethyl ether or ethanol
Cyclohexane derivatives exist primarily in the most stable of the available chair conformations. Give the position, axial or equatorial, of each of the three groups shown when the ring is in the most stable chair conformation. If a group divides its time equally between axial and equatorial positions, indicate this with ax/eq. The table of "Axial Strain Energies for Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes" found in the "Strain Energy Increments" section of the Reference tool is useful for answering this question. H NC a Group a is Group b is Group c is "CH=CH2 C Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 3 more group attempts remaining
C. Nomenclature of Cylic Alkanes: If a ring is present in a molecule, the ring is almost always considered the parent chain. Use the word cyclo as a prefix before the alkane name to indicate it is a cyclic parent chain Number the carbons that bear substituents starting with one, and number around the ring towards the closest carbon that bears another substituent group to give all substituents lowest possible numbering. If there are two or more substituents, use alphabetical order to determine where to start numbering. Critical Thinking Question (CTQ): 11. Give the correct IUPAC name for the remaining three compounds below. H,C CH-CH, l-isopropyl-3-methylcycloherane 12. Draw the structures that correspond to the following names: a. 3-ethylheptane b. 1,1-diethylcyclopropane c. 4-sec-butyl-1-isobutyl-2-methylcylcohexane 13. Mono-substituted cycloalkanes do not include the "1" locant. Thus, 1-methylcyclohexane is inaccurate. Draw methylcyclohexane; explain why adding a locant does not add…
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