that is a true pathogen. Which of the following specifically occur during the establishment and outgrowth stage (step 3) of the bacterial pathogenic process for this species? Tissue destruction to increase nutrient concentrations Production of exotoxins to decrease normal flora populations

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Question:**

*Campylobacter* is an extracellular intestinal species that is a true pathogen. Which of the following specifically occur during the establishment and outgrowth stage (step 3) of the bacterial pathogenic process for this species?

- ☐ Tissue destruction to increase nutrient concentrations

- ☐ Production of exotoxins to decrease normal flora populations
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** *Campylobacter* is an extracellular intestinal species that is a true pathogen. Which of the following specifically occur during the establishment and outgrowth stage (step 3) of the bacterial pathogenic process for this species? - ☐ Tissue destruction to increase nutrient concentrations - ☐ Production of exotoxins to decrease normal flora populations
**Mechanisms of Pathogen Interaction with Host Cells**

1. **Adherence and Passage through the Host Plasma Membrane to the Cytoplasm**
   - Pathogens must adhere to the host plasma membrane to initiate infection. This step is crucial for pathogens to invade the host cells and reach the cytoplasm, where they may continue their lifecycle or affect cellular functions.

2. **Production of Leukocidins**
   - Pathogens like bacteria can produce leukocidins, which are toxins that damage or destroy white blood cells. This tactic weakens the host’s immune response, making it easier for the pathogen to persist and cause infection.

3. **Use of Attachment Pili to Adhere to Host Tissues**
   - Some bacteria utilize attachment pili (also known as adhesins or fimbriae) to attach firmly to host tissues. This adherence is a vital step in colonization and successful infection, allowing the bacteria to establish a foothold in the host environment.
Transcribed Image Text:**Mechanisms of Pathogen Interaction with Host Cells** 1. **Adherence and Passage through the Host Plasma Membrane to the Cytoplasm** - Pathogens must adhere to the host plasma membrane to initiate infection. This step is crucial for pathogens to invade the host cells and reach the cytoplasm, where they may continue their lifecycle or affect cellular functions. 2. **Production of Leukocidins** - Pathogens like bacteria can produce leukocidins, which are toxins that damage or destroy white blood cells. This tactic weakens the host’s immune response, making it easier for the pathogen to persist and cause infection. 3. **Use of Attachment Pili to Adhere to Host Tissues** - Some bacteria utilize attachment pili (also known as adhesins or fimbriae) to attach firmly to host tissues. This adherence is a vital step in colonization and successful infection, allowing the bacteria to establish a foothold in the host environment.
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