Tat and Rev proteins are required for HIV replication. What are their roles and why are they essential to the virus?

Q: present the chemical mechanism of the HIV protease. Discuss the mode of action of some inhibitors of…

A: - Proteases are enzymes that can break down proteins into peptides. HIV-1 protease (PR) is an…

Q: Medications that prevent and treat influenza by binding to neuraminidase on the viral surface act…

A: Influenza is a respiratory system (lungs, throat, and nose) based viral infection. In severe cases,…

Q: Compared with cells, what is unusual about viral genomes?

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious particle that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: How do you think the complexity of the viral assembly process correlates with viral genome size?

A: A virus is a microorganism that has an infectious property. It cannot reproduce by itself.

Q: Are the HIV-1 protease inhibitors transition state analogs? Why or why not?

A: A drug that resembles the substrate portion of transition state of a reaction normally catalyzed by…

Q: RNA viruses need to regulate the switch from mRNA synthesis to genome replication. Describe three of…

A: Introduction :- RNA Viruses contains RNA as their genetic material . It can be single-stranded RNA…

Q: Is a DNA polymerase generally required for an RNA virus? Why or why not?

A: No, a DNA polymerase is not generally required for an RNA virus. RNA viruses replicate their genetic…

Q: Which form of HIV RNA, fully spliced, incompletely spiced, or unspliced, is needed during the early…

A: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a positive strand enveloped RNA virus, belongs to…

Q: Describe two mechanisms a virus might use to prevent the induction of apoptosis in an infected cell.

A: Apoptosis is the most typical form of cell death that is operated by a series of events controlled…

Q: If a virus particle contained double-stranded B-DNA of 500,000 base pairs, what would be the radius…

A: There are 10 basepair per turn of the helical DNA so the helix rises by 34 A° per turn.

Q: Compare and contrast the roles of fully spliced, incompletelyspliced, and unspliced HIV RNA. Which…

A:

Q: Describe the classes of viruses based on theirgenomic characteristics. For each class, describe how…

A: Virome is a term used to define the total genome of viral population in a given population. Viral…

Q: What is the function of the Matrix protein during rabies virus pathogenesis?

A: Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that is responsible for causing rabies disease in humans as well…

Q: Viruses are host-specific, meaning they can only infect specific types of host organisms. For…

A: Viruses are acellular organisms. They become active once they enter inside an organism and can…

Q: What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? What is the function of the glycoproteins of its…

A: HIV is known as Human Immuno Deficiency Virus, the agent of AIDS which belongs to the lentivirus…

Q: The diagrams below represent nucleic acid genomic material and a finished product after the viral…

A: let's break down the reasoning behind identifying the viruses based on the provided diagrams and…

Q: How is AZT a competitive inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase?

A: A vital early stage in the HIV life cycle is the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into…

Q: What is the significance of the length of a typical viral genome?

A: A virus refers to an infectious particle which can infect a variety of host including humans,…

Q: Why might a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule?

A: To determine: To determine why a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule

Q: Which of the following statements concerning the infection of human cells by the HIV virus is false?…

A: a) After entry to the cell, the virus coat is removed and then the viral DNA is re;ease into the…

Q: What is the exact role of each specific viral protein? Explain

A: Norovirus is a contagious virus that is responsible for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract…

Q: What are the differences of replication of virus and replication of HIV?

A: Virus It is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It can replicate only inside the living cells.…

Q: 00 Examine the structures below of several anti-viral drugs. Match the anti-viral drugs with the…

A: Inhibits the viral DNA polymerase of herpesvirus : Acyclovir  Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits viral…

Q: How many protein subunits would be present in a complex icosahedral virus particle with a…

A: The icosahedral symmetry in viruses are extremely common. The icosahedron consists of 20 triangular…

Q: how do DNA analogs act to inhibit replication of an RNA virus

A: Step 1 Nucleoside analogs are nucleoside that contains a nucleic acid analog as well as sugar,…

Q: use diseases other than AIDS, such as rare types of cancers and

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)  can be defined as the virus that attacks the body's immune…

Q: mutation on HIV replicatication

A: Human immunodeficiency virus = HIV

Q: Many viruses organize their genomes with the non-structural and structural genes clustered together…

A: A Virus is a small electron microscopic parasite, incapable of reproducing by its own, survives by…

Q: What do you think is the function of viral lysozyme-like enzyme

A: Lysozyme is an enzyme that is present in bodily secretions like tears, saliva, and milk. It works as…

Q: Which two proteins make regulatory switches in viruses?

A: There are two basic components of genetic switches. These are gene regulatory proteins and specific…

Q: What is meant by a viral titer?

A: Microbe or microorganism is a microscopic organism. It exists as multicellular, unicellular, or cell…

Q: explain briefly the steps involved in the viral multiplication cycle. How is each step important?…

A: The virus is an intracellular obligate infective agent that mainly consists of a nucleic acid…

Q: Briefly describe how the Latency-associated transcripts (LATS) of herpes simplex viruses regulate…

A: Latency associated transcript or LAT gene is the region of viral genome. It is transcribed greatly…

Q: ss (-) RNA viral genome RNA polymerase RNA-dependent Coples (-) RNA strand RNA-dependent RNA…

A: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they can only replicate inside a living host…

Q: Explain the role of RNase H (a component of reverse transcriptase)during the synthesis of HIV DNA.

A:

Q: briefly state the importance of each stage of viral replication. Do not just restate what each stage…

A: The process by which viruses are formed in host cells during the infection process is known as viral…

Q: The “spikes” in the COVID-19 virus are protein complexes.  How important are these spikes in virus…

A: Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a virus which has a single-stranded RNA genome. The SARS-CoV-2 virus on…

Q: Charged spherical viruses have polymer chains attached to their surfaces, e.g. they are ‘PEGelated’…

A: Polymers that present at surfaces can provide steric entropic forces as a result of the…

Q: Why are virus genomes small?

A: Viruses are intracellular, obligate parasites, which replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.